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. 2022 Jan 3;4(3):926-942.
doi: 10.1039/d1na00802a. eCollection 2022 Feb 1.

Toward efficient dye degradation and the bactericidal behavior of Mo-doped La2O3 nanostructures

Muhammad Ikram  1 , Namra Abid  2 , Ali Haider  3 , Anwar Ul-Hamid  4 , Junaid Haider  5 , Anum Shahzadi  6 , Walid Nabgan  7 , Souraya Goumri-Said  8 , Alvina Rafiq Butt  2 , Mohammed Benali Kanoun  9
Affiliations

Toward efficient dye degradation and the bactericidal behavior of Mo-doped La2O3 nanostructures

Muhammad Ikram et al. Nanoscale Adv. .

Abstract

In this study, different concentrations (0, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06 wt%) of Mo doped onto La2O3 nanostructures were synthesized using a one-pot co-precipitation process. The aim was to study the ability of Mo-doped La2O3 samples to degrade toxic methylene blue dye in different pH media. The bactericidal potential of synthesized samples was also investigated. The structural properties of prepared samples were examined by XRD. The observed XRD spectrum of La2O3 showed a cubic and hexagonal structure, while no change was recorded in Mo-doped La2O3 samples. Doping with Mo improved the crystallinity of the samples. UV-Vis spectrophotometry and density functional theory calculations were used to assess the optical characteristics of Mo-La2O3. The band gap energy was reduced while the absorption spectra showed prominent peaks due to Mo doping. The HR-TEM results revealed the rod-like morphology of La2O3. The rod-like network appeared to become dense upon doping. A significant degradation of MB was confirmed with Mo; furthermore, the bactericidal activities against S. aureus and E. coli were measured as 5.05 mm and 5.45 mm inhibition zones, respectively, after doping with a high concentration (6%) of Mo.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts to declare.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the synthesis of the Mo–La2O3 nanostructures.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. Schematic diagram showing the experimental approach to evaluate the catalytic activity.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3. Schematic illustration of the photocatalysis mechanism of the Mo-doped La2O3 nanostructures.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4. (a) XRD patterns, (b) FTIR spectra of the synthesized samples, (c–e) SAED patterns, and (f–h) d-spacing of pristine and the 4% and 6% doped nanostructures.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5. (a) Absorption spectra, (b) band gap energy plot, (c) PL spectra of La2O3 and Mo-doped La2O3 nanostructures.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6. (a–d) SEM-EDS analysis of La2O3 and Mo-doped La2O3.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7. HR-TEM images of (a–c) pristine and Mo (4% and 6%)-doped La2O3.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8. Catalysis of La2O3, Mo–La2O3 (2%, 4%, and 6%) in (a) neutral, (b) acidic, and (c) basic media.
Fig. 9
Fig. 9. Photocatalysis of La2O3, Mo–La2O3 (2%, 4%, and 6%) in (a) neutral, (b) acidic, and (c) basic media.
Fig. 10
Fig. 10. Reusability of (a) La2O3 and (b) Mo (6%), and (c) stability comparison of the pure sample and Mo (6%).
Fig. 11
Fig. 11. Schematic illustration of the antibacterial mechanism of the prepared Mo-doped La2O3 nanostructures.
Fig. 12
Fig. 12. Crystal structure (based on a 2 × 2 × 2 supercell) of Mo-doped La2O3. La is shown in green, Mo in purple, and O in red.
Fig. 13
Fig. 13. Calculated band structures and total and partial DOS of (a) pristine and (b) Mo-doped La2O3.
Fig. 14
Fig. 14. Calculated absorption coefficient spectra of doping free and Mo-doped La2O3.
Fig. 15
Fig. 15. Side view of the adsorption of NaBH4 molecules on the (a) La2O3(001) and (b) Mo-doped La2O3(001) surfaces. La, O, Mo, B, H, and Na atoms are represented by green, red, purple, blue, gray and yellow balls, respectively.
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