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. 2022 Dec;25(12):1386-1394.
doi: 10.1111/1756-185X.14433. Epub 2022 Sep 22.

Direct and indirect health-related costs of systemic sclerosis in New Zealand

Sree Deepika Padala  1 , Chunhuan Lao  2 , Kamal Solanki  1   3 , Douglas White  1   3
Affiliations

Direct and indirect health-related costs of systemic sclerosis in New Zealand

Sree Deepika Padala et al. Int J Rheum Dis. 2022 Dec.

Abstract

Aim: To study the economic impact of systemic sclerosis (SSc) in the patients attending Rheumatology clinics in Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand (NZ). There is currently no bottom-up data on this in NZ.

Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional questionnaire-based study, including demographics, costs related to SSc, quality of life measures including the short-form survey (SF-36) the scleroderma health assessment questionnaire-visual analog scale (SHAQ-VAS), the NZ index of Deprivation (NZiDep), and work limitations questionnaire (WLQ). Direct health costs include patient-reported costs and costs incurred by the public health system. Indirect costs include calculated loss of work productivity. Comparisons were made between age, gender, disease duration, and disease subtype (diffuse, limited, and overlap syndromes).

Results: Participants fulfilled the 2013 ACR/EULAR criteria for SSc. The study was completed by 86 (65.5%) patients, 77 (90%) were females, 19 (22%) had diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc), 72 (83%) were NZ European (NZE), seven(8%) were Māori or NZE/Māori. Seventy-six (41.8%) were employed. The average total costs for 6 months were NZ$ 444.50 with the highest costs in the dcSSc sub-group at NZ$ 598.00. The costs incurred by the Hospital for the 2018/2019 fiscal year was NZ$ 3091 per patient. The SF-36 score was lower compared with the general population, mean SHAQ was 0.82. Mean summative WLQ scores were: Time management 21.7, Physical demands 62.5, Interpersonal 23.6, Output demands 23.8. The calculated percentage productivity loss was 46.5%.

Conclusions: This study has shown high health-related costs of SSc in NZ, with reduction in employment, work productivity, and quality of life. The contributors to the costs included physical disability and loss of productivity.

Keywords: direct health costs; health economics; systemic sclerosis.

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