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Review
. 2022 Aug 28;8(9):913.
doi: 10.3390/jof8090913.

Biosynthesis of Sesquiterpenes in Basidiomycetes: A Review

Jiajun Wu  1 , Xiaoran Yang  1 , Yingce Duan  1 , Pengchao Wang  1 , Jianzhao Qi  1   2 , Jin-Ming Gao  2 , Chengwei Liu  1
Affiliations
Review

Biosynthesis of Sesquiterpenes in Basidiomycetes: A Review

Jiajun Wu et al. J Fungi (Basel). .

Abstract

Sesquiterpenes are common small-molecule natural products with a wide range of promising applications and are biosynthesized by sesquiterpene synthase (STS). Basidiomycetes are valuable and important biological resources. To date, hundreds of related sesquiterpenoids have been discovered in basidiomycetes, and the biosynthetic pathways of some of these compounds have been elucidated. This review summarizes 122 STSs and 2 fusion enzymes STSs identified from 26 species of basidiomycetes over the past 20 years. The biological functions of enzymes and compound structures are described, and related research is discussed.

Keywords: basidiomycetes; biosynthesis; sesquiterpene; sesquiterpene synthase.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Basidiomycota sesquiterpenes classified by a skeleton.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Cyclization patterns of sesquiterpenes in basidiomycetes.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Sesquiterpene biosynthesis by STS of clades I–IV in basidiomycetes. All mentioned STSs have undergone biochemical verification.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Technical research route of STS in basidiomycetes. The STS genome mining of basidiomycetes can be divided into three steps. The first step of genome mining is mainly based on the whole gene sequence, using bioinformatics tools to mine and predict the biosynthetic gene cluster. The second step is to obtain the target gene from the biosynthetic gene cluster of STS, and then heterologously express the target gene to obtain the product. The final step is to purify and identify the product to determine whether the gene is an STS.
Figure 5
Figure 5
(a) Comparison of the conserved regions of H-α1 loop and NSE/DTE motif. (b) Comparison of conserved regions of the RY Pair to the Thirteen Positions Upstream of the RY Pair. The MUSCLE algorithm was used to compare the following protein sequences: Cop3 (XP_001832925), Cop4 (XP_001836356), Cop6 (XP_001832549) in Coprinopsis cinerea; STC4 (KAH0582448), STC9 (KAH0583476), STC15 (KAG5341349) in Macrolepiota albuminosa.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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