Diagnostic work-up of exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction

Abstract

Purpose: Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) is suspected when dyspnea associated with upper airway symptoms is triggered by exercise. This condition affects mainly adolescent athletes. Visualization of the obstruction, while the patient is experiencing the symptoms during continuous laryngoscopy during exercise (CLE-test) is the gold standard for diagnosing EILO. Our study aims to evaluate the prevalence of EILO in a population presenting exercise-induced inspiratory symptoms (EIIS) or uncontrolled asthma with exertional symptoms. The second objective was to evaluate the diagnostic strength of laryngology consultation (LC) and pulmonary function tests (PFTs).

Methods: All patients referred to our center for EIIS or uncontrolled asthma with exertional symptoms were included. EILO diagnosis was made if Maat score was > 2 for patients with CLE-test or if there were inspiratory anomalies on PFTs and LC. The sensitivity and specificity of LC and PFTs as diagnostic tools were calculated considering CLE-test as the gold standard.

Results: Sixty two patients were referred to our center for EIIS or uncontrolled asthma with exertional symptoms. EILO was diagnosed in 28 patients (56%) with associated asthma in 9 patients (18%). The sensibility and specificity of LC for supraglottic anomalies were 75% and 60%, respectively. The sensibility and specificity of PFTs were 61% and 89%, respectively.

Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of EILO among patients with EIIS and uncontrolled asthma. Some clinical characteristics might guide the diagnosis. Nevertheless, CLE-test remained the gold standard for EILO diagnosis and identification of the dysfunctional upper airway site to provide specific management.

Keywords: Continuous laryngoscopy during exercise; Exercise-induced asthma; Exercise-induced inspiratory symptoms; Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction; Laryngoscopy.