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Review
. 2022 Sep 11;14(18):4412.
doi: 10.3390/cancers14184412.

Prostate Cancer Tumor Stroma: Responsibility in Tumor Biology, Diagnosis and Treatment

Luis O González  1 , Noemi Eiro  2 , Maria Fraile  2 , Nana Beridze  2 , Andres R Escaf  2 , Safwan Escaf  3 , Jesús M Fernández-Gómez  3 , Francisco J Vizoso  2   4
Affiliations
Review

Prostate Cancer Tumor Stroma: Responsibility in Tumor Biology, Diagnosis and Treatment

Luis O González et al. Cancers (Basel). .

Abstract

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common cancer among males globally, and its occurrence is growing worldwide. Clinical decisions about the combination of therapies are becoming highly relevant. However, this is a heterogeneous disease, ranging widely in prognosis. Therefore, new approaches are needed based on tumor biology, from which further prognostic assessments can be established and complementary strategies can be identified. The knowledge of both the morphological structure and functional biology of the PCa stroma compartment can provide new diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic possibilities. In the present review, we analyzed the aspects related to the tumor stromal component (both acellular and cellular) in PCa, their influence on tumor behavior and the therapeutic response and their consideration as a new therapeutic target.

Keywords: biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer; cancer-associated fibroblasts; exosomes; extracellular vesicles; mesenchymal stromal cells; tumor microenvironment.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Evolution of the number of published studies based on the tumoral stroma in breast and prostate carcinomas. Source: PubMed.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Representative tissue section. (A) Normal prostate tissue with epithelial luminal and basal layers and the surrounding stroma tissue (200×). (B) Benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH) tissue showing cell proliferation and migration (200×). (C) Proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) tissue (100×). (D) High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) in the peripheral zone of the prostate (200×). (E) Prostate cancer tissue (100×).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Schematic representation of the cellular components from a prostate tumor.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Schematic representation of paracrine interactions through exosomes among different cell types from prostate carcinomas. T-D-EXs: tumor-derived exosomes; MSC-D-EXs: mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes; CAFs: cancer-associated fibroblasts; MICs: mononuclear inflammatory cells.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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