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. 2022 Aug 26;10(9):1628.
doi: 10.3390/healthcare10091628.

A Study on CKD Progression and Health Disparities Using System Dynamics Modeling

Ahmeed Yinusa  1 , Misagh Faezipour  2 , Miad Faezipour  3
Affiliations

A Study on CKD Progression and Health Disparities Using System Dynamics Modeling

Ahmeed Yinusa et al. Healthcare (Basel). .

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most prevalent national health problems in the United States. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), as of 2019, 37 million of the US's adult population have been estimated to have CKD. In this respect, health disparities are major national concerns regarding the treatments for patients with CKD nationwide. The disparities observed in the healthcare interventions for patients with this disease usually indicate some significant healthcare gaps in the national public health system. However, there is a need for immediate intervention to improve the present healthcare conditions of minorities experiencing CKD nationwide. In this research, the application of system dynamics modeling is proposed to model the CKD progression and health disparities. This process is based on the health interventions administered to minorities experiencing CKD. The graphical results from the model show that there are relationships among the dynamic factors influencing the incidence and prevalence of CKD. Hence, healthcare disparities are inherent challenges in the treatment and management of this disease.

Keywords: chronic kidney disease; healthcare disparities; healthcare intervention; minority populations; system dynamics modeling.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The Causal Loop Model for the Influence of Social Determinant of Health on the Minority Populations. This diagram shows how social determinant of health factors impacts the incidence and the prevalence of CKD in the minority populations, with the reinforcing (R) loops and balancing (B) loops displayed. The red colored arrows represent the disparities, and the blue arrows signify the usual and general influence of social factors on the health of the minorities.
Figure 2
Figure 2
System Dynamics Modeling Representing CKD Incidence, Prevalence, and Health Disparities.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The Bias Rate in CKD in Stage 1 vs. CKD Progression to Stage 2 CKD.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The bias in CKD treatment in stage 2 and the CKD progression to stage 3.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The Bias Rate in Stage 3 CKD vs. CKD Progression to Stage 4 CKD.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The Bias Rate in Stage 4 CKD vs. CKD Progression to Stage 5 CKD.
Figure 7
Figure 7
The Bias Rate in Stage 5 CKD vs. CKD Progression to ESRD.
Figure 8
Figure 8
The Bias Rate in ESRD vs. CKD Death Incidence.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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