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Review
. 2022 Sep 6;19(18):11194.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph191811194.

Fluorescence-Guided Surgery and Novel Innovative Technologies for Improved Visualization in Pediatric Urology

Irene Paraboschi  1 , Guglielmo Mantica  2 , Dario Guido Minoli  1 , Erika Adalgisa De Marco  1 , Michele Gnech  1 , Carolina Bebi  3 , Gianantonio Manzoni  1 , Alfredo Berrettini  1
Affiliations
Review

Fluorescence-Guided Surgery and Novel Innovative Technologies for Improved Visualization in Pediatric Urology

Irene Paraboschi et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS), three-dimensional (3D) imaging technologies, and other innovative devices are rapidly revolutionizing the field of urology, providing surgeons with powerful tools for a more complete understanding of patient-specific anatomy. Today, several new intraoperative imaging technologies and cutting-edge devices are available in adult urology to assist surgeons in delivering personalized interventions. Their applications are also gradually growing in general pediatric surgery, where the detailed visualization of normal and pathological structures has the potential to significantly minimize perioperative complications and improve surgical outcomes. In the field of pediatric urology, FGS, 3D reconstructions and printing technologies, augmented reality (AR) devices, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), and intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) have been increasingly adopted for a more realistic understanding of the normal and abnormal anatomy, providing a valuable insight to deliver customized treatments in real time. This narrative review aims to illustrate the main applications of these new technologies and imaging devices in the clinical setting of pediatric urology by selecting, with a strict methodology, the most promising articles published in the international scientific literature on this topic. The purpose is to favor early adoption and stimulate more research on this topic for the benefit of children.

Keywords: 3D imaging; 3D printing; augmented reality; children; fluorescence-guided surgery; pediatric urology.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors certify that there is no conflict of interest with any financial organization regarding the material discussed in the manuscript.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic view of the novel innovative technologies for improved visualization in the field of pediatric urology described in this narrative review, including (a), indocyanine green (ICG)-based Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS), (b) three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions and printing technologies, (c) Augmented reality, (d) Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), and (e) intraoperative Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI).
Figure 2
Figure 2
The intraoperative administration of indocyanine green (ICG) in the distal ureter can provide valuable insight during surgical dissection, preventing its unintentional damage (Courtesy of Professor Luigi Boni, Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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