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. 2022 Sep 13;23(18):10641.
doi: 10.3390/ijms231810641.

Circulating Biomarkers of Endothelial Dysfunction and Inflammation in Predicting Clinical Outcomes in Diabetic Patients with Critical Limb Ischemia

Affiliations

Circulating Biomarkers of Endothelial Dysfunction and Inflammation in Predicting Clinical Outcomes in Diabetic Patients with Critical Limb Ischemia

Francesco Vieceli Dalla Sega et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a severe manifestation of peripheral artery disease characterized by ischemic pain, which is frequently associated with diabetes and non-healing lesions to inferior limbs. The clinical management of diabetic patients with CLI typically includes percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) to restore limb circulation and surgical treatment of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). However, even after successful treatment, CLI patients are prone to post-procedure complications, which may lead to unplanned revascularization or foot surgery. Unfortunately, the factors predicting adverse events in treated CLI patients are only partially known. This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers that predict the disease course in diabetic patients with CLI. For this purpose, we measured the circulating levels of a panel of 23 molecules related to inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, platelet activation, and thrombophilia in 92 patients with CLI and DFU requiring PTA and foot surgery. We investigated whether these putative biomarkers were associated with the following clinical endpoints: (1) healing of the treated DFUs; (2) need for new revascularization of the limb; (3) appearance of new lesions or relapses after successful healing. We found that sICAM-1 and endothelin-1 are inversely associated with DFU healing and that PAI-1 and endothelin-1 are associated with the need for new revascularization. Moreover, we found that the levels of thrombomodulin and sCD40L are associated with new lesions or recurrence, and we show that the levels of these biomarkers could be used in a decision tree to assign patients to clusters with different risks of developing new lesions or recurrences.

Keywords: critical limb ischemia; diabetes; diabetic foot ulcer; endothelial dysfunction; peripheral artery disease; wound healing.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Event-free survival curves obtained by the Kaplan–Meier estimate showing significant differences between clusters toward: (A) DFU healing within three months from treatment; (B) new lower limb revascularization; (C) new lesions or recurrences. The log rank test was performed to compare survival functions. For each cluster, the number of event-free patients at any given time during follow-up is shown below the graphs.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Decision tree obtained by cross-validation of the training set. The splits classify patients into three clusters with a different risk of new lesion or relapse outcome.

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