Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Sep 14;27(18):5972.
doi: 10.3390/molecules27185972.

Isolation, Characterization and Pharmacological Investigations of a New Phenolic Compound along with Four Others Firstly Reported Phytochemicals from Glycosmis cyanocarpa (Blume) Spreng

Sania Ashrafi  1 , Safaet Alam  1   2 , Nazim Uddin Emon  3 , Monira Ahsan  1
Affiliations

Isolation, Characterization and Pharmacological Investigations of a New Phenolic Compound along with Four Others Firstly Reported Phytochemicals from Glycosmis cyanocarpa (Blume) Spreng

Sania Ashrafi et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Plants are serving the mankind with important bioactive phytochemicals from the very ancient ages to develop novel therapeutics against different disease states. Glycosmis cyanocarpa (Blume) Spreng is a plant from the Rutaceae family and a very less explored species from the Glycosmis genus. Thus, this present study was intended to present the chemical and biological investigation of Glycosmis cyanocarpa (Blume) Spreng. The chemical investigation resulted in the isolation of one new phenolic compound to the best of our knowledge which is (4-(3-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-2-methoxyphenol) (1) along with four known compounds that are isolated for the first time from this species- 3-methyl-1H-indole (2), Tri-transpoly-cis prenol-12 (3), Stigmasterol (4) and β-sitosterol (5). Their chemical structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR, and comparison with the available literature data. Isolated phytochemicals were further investigated to unveil their antioxidant properties with IC50 values (ranged from 9.97-75.48 µg/mL), cytotoxicity with LC50 values (ranged from 1.02-1.92 µg/mL), and antibacterial properties against some selected Gram (+) ve and Gram (-) ve bacteria. Among the compounds, 3-methyl-1H-indole (2) was found to be the most active against Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, the phenolic compound (1) and the alkaloid (2) revealed the highest antioxidant (9.97 µg/mL) and cytotoxic activities (1.02 µg/mL), respectively. Thus, the isolation of these bioactive phytochemicals from the plant revealed a new perception in the study arena of drug discovery and the findings may ease the development and discovery of novel therapeutics. Further investigations are still recommended to understand their exact molecular mechanism and toxicological impact.

Keywords: Glycosmis cyanocarpa; NMR; alkaloid; antibacterial; antioxidant; cytotoxicity; phytochemical; polyphenol.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

There are no known financial or research-based conflicts of interest among the author of this research work and article.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Structures of Isolated phytochemicals from Glycosmis cyanocarpa using NMR techniques: (a) 4-(3-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-2-methoxyphenol, (b) 3-methyl-1H-Indole, (c) Tri-transpoly-cis prenol-12, (d) Stigmasterol and (e) β-Sitosterol.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Key HSQC (blue) and COSY (red) correlations for compound 2.
Figure 3
Figure 3
IC50 values of Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) and isolated phytochemicals of Glycosmis cyanocarpa.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Linear regression equations (IC50) of Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) and isolated phytochemicals of Glycosmis cyanocarpa.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Linear regression equations (LC50) of Vincristine Sulphate (VS) and isolated phytochemicals of Glycosmis cyanocarpa.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Percentage of mortality in Vincristine Sulphate (VS) and isolated phytochemicals of Glycosmis cyanocarpa where log concentrations −0.10721, 0.19382, 0.49485, 0.79588, 1.09691, 1.39794, 1.69897 and 2.30103 μg/mL are denoted serially from 1 to 9 in X-axis.
Figure 7
Figure 7
LC50 values of Vincristine Sulphate (VS) and isolated phytochemicals of Glycosmis cyanocarpa.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Emon N.U., Alam S., Rudra S., Al Haidar I.K., Farhad M., Rana M.E.H., Ganguly A. Antipyretic Activity of Caesalpinia digyna (Rottl.) Leaves Extract along with Phytoconstituent’s Binding Affinity to COX-1, COX-2, and MPGES-1 Receptors: In Vivo and in Silico Approaches. Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 2021;28:5302–5309. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.05.050. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Emon N.U., Rudra S., Alam S., Al Haidar I.K., Paul S., Richi F.T., Shahriar S., Sayeed M.A., Tumpa N.I., Ganguly A. Chemical, Biological and Protein-Receptor Binding Profiling of Bauhinia Scandens L. Stems Provide New Insights into the Management of Pain, Inflammation, Pyrexia and Thrombosis. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2021;143:112185. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112185. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Alam M.M., Emon N.U., Alam S., Rudra S., Akhter N., Mamun M.M.R., Ganguly A. Assessment of Pharmacological Activities of Lygodium microphyllum Cav. Leaves in the Management of Pain, Inflammation, Pyrexia, Diarrhea, and Helminths: In Vivo, in Vitro and in Silico Approaches. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2021;139:111644. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111644. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Alam S., Sarker M.M.R., Sultana T.N., Chowdhury M.N.R., Rashid M.A., Chaity N.I., Zhao C., Xiao J., Hafez E.E., Khan S.A., et al. Antidiabetic Phytochemicals From Medicinal Plants: Prospective Candidates for New Drug Discovery and Development. Front. Endocrinol. (Lausanne) 2022;13:800714. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.800714. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Chhetri H., Yogol N., Sherchan J., Anupa K.C., Mansoor S., Thapa P. Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Evaluations of Some Medicinal Plants of Nepal. Kathmandu Univ. J. Sci. Eng. Technol. 2008;4:49–54. doi: 10.3126/kuset.v4i1.2883. - DOI

LinkOut - more resources