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. 2022 Sep 16;11(9):1056.
doi: 10.3390/pathogens11091056.

Direct and Indirect Role of Migratory Birds in Spreading CCHFV and WNV: A Multidisciplinary Study on Three Stop-Over Islands in Italy

Elisa Mancuso  1   2 , Luciano Toma  3 , Ilaria Pascucci  1   4 , Silvio Gerardo d'Alessio  1 , Valeria Marini  1 , Michela Quaglia  1 , Sara Riello  5 , Andrea Ferri  6 , Fernando Spina  6 , Lorenzo Serra  6 , Maria Goffredo  1 , Federica Monaco  1
Affiliations

Direct and Indirect Role of Migratory Birds in Spreading CCHFV and WNV: A Multidisciplinary Study on Three Stop-Over Islands in Italy

Elisa Mancuso et al. Pathogens. .

Abstract

The annual movements of migratory birds can contribute to the spread of African ticks and tick-borne pathogens of potential public health concern across Europe. The aim of the study was to investigate their role in the possible introduction of African ticks and tick-borne pathogens into European countries during spring migration. A total of 2344 ticks were collected during three spring seasons from 1079 birds captured on three Italian stop-over islands during their northbound migration. Once identified, each tick was tested by RT-PCR for the presence of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHFV), West Nile (WNV), and Usutu (USUV) viruses. Moreover, carcasses of birds found dead were collected and tested for the possible presence of WNV and USUV. Results confirmed a higher contribution of trans-Saharan migrants compared to intra-Palearctic ones and the prevalence of African tick species in the sample. CCHFV was detected for the second time in Italy in a Hyalomma rufipes, and WNV was found in two ticks of the same genus, all carried by trans-Saharan birds. WNV lineage 1 was also found in the organs of a Garden warbler. These results confirm the role of migratory birds in carrying African ticks, as well as viruses of zoonotic importance, from Africa into Europe.

Keywords: CCHFV; Italy; WNV; migratory birds; vector-borne viruses; zoonoses.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study, in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data, in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Sampling sites on stop-over islands during spring bird migration from Africa.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Association between birds’ species and ticks’ species. LD = long-distance migrant, SD = short-distance migrant, R = resident.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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