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. 2022 Aug 26;14(9):1796.
doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091796.

Antibacterial Activity from Momordica charantia L. Leaves and Flavones Enriched Phase

Abraão de Jesus B Muribeca  1 , Paulo Wender P Gomes  2   3 , Steven Souza Paes  1 , Ana Paula Alves da Costa  4 , Paulo Weslem Portal Gomes  5 , Jéssica de Souza Viana  1 , José Diogo E Reis  1 , Sônia das Graças Santa R Pamplona  1 , Consuelo Silva  1   6 , Anelize Bauermeister  7 , Lourivaldo da Silva Santos  1 , Milton Nascimento da Silva  1
Affiliations

Antibacterial Activity from Momordica charantia L. Leaves and Flavones Enriched Phase

Abraão de Jesus B Muribeca et al. Pharmaceutics. .

Abstract

Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) is a plant known in Brazil as "melão de São Caetano", which has been related to many therapeutic applications in folk medicine. Herein, we describe antibacterial activities and related metabolites for an extract and fractions obtained from the leaves of that species. An ethanolic extract and its three fractions were used to perform in vitro antibacterial assays. In addition, liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and the molecular networking approach were used for the metabolite annotation process. Overall, 25 compounds were annotated in the ethanolic extract from M. charantia leaves, including flavones, terpenes, organic acids, and inositol pyrophosphate derivatives. The ethanolic extract exhibited low activity against Proteus mirabilis (MIC 312.5 µg·mL-1) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC 625 µg·mL-1). The ethyl acetate phase showed interesting antibacterial activity (MIC 156.2 µg·mL-1) against Klebsiella pneumoniae, and it was well justified by the high content of glycosylated flavones. Therefore, based on the ethyl acetate phase antibacterial result, we suggest that M. charantia leaves could be considered as an alternative antibacterial source against K. pneumoniae and can serve as a pillar for future studies as well as pharmacological application against the bacteria.

Keywords: antibacterial activity; dereplication; glycosylated flavones; molecular networking.

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Conflict of interest statement

We declare no current or potential conflict of interest related to this article.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Total ion chromatogram (TIC) in the negative ionization mode of the ethanolic extract (EE), and ethyl acetate phase (PhEA).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Feature-based molecular networking (GNPS) based on MS/MS data (ESI−) from GNPS library [21] and suspect list [38]. The arrows indicate the nodes that have a match in the spectral library and their respective structure. Node text indicates the parent ion, node color reports the extract of the plant (orange: ethanolic extract from leaves; blue: phase ethyl acetate from leaves).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Representation of hydroxy-2,4,4-trimethyl-3-(3-oxobutyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-one glucoside (3) clusters in ethanolic extract using MS/MS in negative ionization mode.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Community network. PhEA illustrated as square white node. Two examples of predicted bioactive flavones (6,8). The color of metabolite nodes is defined by cluster score (0.5–0.75). The size corresponds to the activity score (normalized data).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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