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. 2022 Sep 16;14(9):1962.
doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091962.

Biodegradation of HA and β-TCP Ceramics Regulated by T-Cells

Zifan Zhao  1 , Jing Zhang  1 , Zaibo Yang  2 , Qin Zhao  1
Affiliations

Biodegradation of HA and β-TCP Ceramics Regulated by T-Cells

Zifan Zhao et al. Pharmaceutics. .

Abstract

Biodegradability is one of the most important properties of implantable bone biomaterials, which is directly related to material bioactivity and the osteogenic effect. How foreign body giant cells (FBGC) involved in the biodegradation of bone biomaterials are regulated by the immune system is poorly understood. Hence, this study found that β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) induced more FBGCs formation in the microenvironment (p = 0.0061) accompanied by more TNFα (p = 0.0014), IFNγ (p = 0.0024), and T-cells (p = 0.0029) than hydroxyapatite (HA), resulting in better biodegradability. The final use of T-cell depletion in mice confirmed that T-cell-mediated immune responses play a decisive role in the formation of FBGCs and promote bioceramic biodegradation. This study reveals the biological mechanism of in vivo biodegradation of implantable bone tissue engineering materials from the perspective of material-immune system interaction, which complements the mechanism of T-cells' adaptive immunity in bone immune regulation and can be used as a theoretical basis for rational optimization of implantable material properties.

Keywords: FBGCs; HA; T-cells; bioceramics; biodegradation; immune response; β-TCP.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
FBGC-mediated biodegradation of β-TCP is more pronounced than that of HA. (A) H and E staining showed the biodegradation of β-TCP and HA. (B) IHC staining of the macrophage’s marker F4/80. (C) TRAP staining showed the FBGCs marked by red arrows. (D) Semiquantitative comparison of positive expression. n = 3, black circles and blocks represent values from a single sample.
Figure 2
Figure 2
More inflammatory factors TNF-α and IFN-γ surrounding β-TCP than HA. IHC staining of (A) TNF-α, (B) IFN-γ, and (C) IL-1β surrounding β-TCP and HA. (D) Semiquantitative comparison of positive expression. n = 3, black circles and blocks represent values from a single sample. The larger version of the black frame area in (A–C) were shown in the image below.
Figure 3
Figure 3
More CD3+ T-cells surrounding β-TCP than HA. (A) IHC staining of T-cells marker CD3. (B) Semiquantitative comparison of positive expression. n = 3, black circles and blocks represent values from a single sample.
Figure 4
Figure 4
T-cell depletion interferes with the FBGC-mediated biodegradation of β-TCP. (A) Schematic diagram of T-cell depletion in an animal model. (B) H and E, IHC-F4/80, and TRAP staining showed the FBGC-mediated biodegradation of β-TCP in T-cell depletion in mice.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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