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Review
. 2022 Sep 7;10(9):1490.
doi: 10.3390/vaccines10091490.

Molecular Crosstalk between the Immunological Mechanism of the Tumor Microenvironment and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Oral Cancer

Kaviyarasi Renu  1 , Sathishkumar Vinayagam  2 , Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan  1 , Anirban Goutam Mukherjee  3 , Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari  3 , D S Prabakaran  4   5 , Raja Ganesan  6 , Abhijit Dey  7 , Balachandar Vellingiri  8 , Sabariswaran Kandasamy  9 , Gnanasambandan Ramanathan  3 , George Priya Doss C  10 , Alex George  11 , Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan  3
Affiliations
Review

Molecular Crosstalk between the Immunological Mechanism of the Tumor Microenvironment and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Oral Cancer

Kaviyarasi Renu et al. Vaccines (Basel). .

Abstract

Oral cancer is a significant non-communicable disease affecting both emergent nations and developed countries. Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck represent the eight major familiar cancer types worldwide, accounting for more than 350,000 established cases every year. Oral cancer is one of the most exigent tumors to control and treat. The survival rate of oral cancer is poor due to local invasion along with recurrent lymph node metastasis. The tumor microenvironment contains a different population of cells, such as fibroblasts associated with cancer, immune-infiltrating cells, and other extracellular matrix non-components. Metastasis in a primary site is mainly due to multifaceted progression known as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). For the period of EMT, epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal cell functional and structural characteristics, which lead to cell migration enhancement and promotion of the dissemination of tumor cells. The present review links the tumor microenvironment and the role of EMT in inflammation, transcriptional factors, receptor involvement, microRNA, and other signaling events. It would, in turn, help to better understand the mechanism behind the tumor microenvironment and EMT during oral cancer.

Keywords: epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; immunological aspects; microenvironment; oral cancer; signaling events.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Figure 1 shows the signaling events involved in EMT during oral cancer via different receptors.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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