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Review
. 2022 Sep 6;14(9):1972.
doi: 10.3390/v14091972.

Pathobiology of Cutaneous Manifestations Associated with COVID-19 and Their Management

Waniyah Masood  1 , Shahzaib Ahmad  2 , Noor Ayman Khan  1 , Amaima Shakir  1 , Ghasem Rahmatpour Rokni  3 , Michael H Gold  4   5 , Clay J Cockerell  6   7 , Robert A Schwartz  8 , Mohamad Goldust  9
Affiliations
Review

Pathobiology of Cutaneous Manifestations Associated with COVID-19 and Their Management

Waniyah Masood et al. Viruses. .

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a rising concern since its declaration as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020. Recently, its association with multiple underlying organs has been identified that includes cardiac, renal, gastrointestinal, nervous systems, and cutaneous manifestations. Cutaneous COVID-19 findings have been supposedly classified into the following categories: vesicular (varicella-like), papulo-vesiculsar, chilblains-like ("COVID toes") maculopapular, and urticarial morphologies. In this review, we aim to focus on the proposed pathophysiology behind the various dermatological manifestations associated with COVID-19 and their associated management. We also included prevalence and clinical features of the different COVID-19-related skin lesions in our review. A comprehensive narrative review of the literature was performed in PubMed databases. Data from case reports, observational studies, case series, and reviews till June 2022 were all screened and included in the review.

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 virus; chilblain-like rash; cutaneous manifestations; erythematous vesicular rash; maculopapular rash; morbilliform rash; papulo-vesicular rash; skin manifestations of COVID-19; urticarial eruptions.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19. (a) Papulo-squamous lesions (b) wheal (c) petechia purpura and vasculitis.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Pathogenesis behind cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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