Factors associated with early onset neonatal sepsis among neonates in public hospitals of Sidama region, Southern Ethiopia, 2021: Unmatched case control study

Abstract

Background: In Ethiopia, more than one-third of all neonatal mortality are caused by early-onset neonatal sepsis, which is one of the most common reasons for neonatal hospitalization and mortality in developing countries. This study aims to add to the body of knowledge on the determinants of early-onset neonatal sepsis to reduce the prevalence of early-onset neonatal sepsis in the study setting.

Methods: An unmatched case-control study was carried out in public hospitals of Sidama region, Southern Ethiopia. The data was entered into Epi info version 7.2 and analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the determinants of early-onset neonatal sepsis, and variables in the multivariable logistic regression analysis with a p-value of less than 0.05 were declared significantly associated at a 95% confidence interval.

Results: In this study, 97 neonates with early-onset neonatal sepsis (cases) and 194 neonates without early-onset neonatal sepsis (controls) were included with their index mothers. Early-onset neonatal sepsis was significantly associated with frequency of antenatal care follow-ups (AOR = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.06-0.37), instrumental delivery/assisted vaginal delivery (AOR = 3.35, 95% CI: 1.08-10.44), gestational hypertension (AOR = 2.85, 95% CI: 1.21-6.71), and Apgar score at the fifth minute (AOR = 3.13, 95% CI: 1.23-7.92).

Conclusions: and recommendation: It is better to intervene on those identified factors. Strengthening antenatal care services by giving adequate information to mothers and counseling about the necessity of implementing the World Health Organization's 2016 antenatal care (ANC) recommendations for a positive pregnancy experience to prevent early-onset newborn sepsis.

Keywords: Ethiopia; Neonatal infection; Neonatal sepsis; Sepsis.