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. 2022 Sep 6:13:947822.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.947822. eCollection 2022.

Rumen fermentative metabolomic and blood insights into the effect of yeast culture supplement on growing bulls under heat stress conditions

Xian Zhang  1 , Huan Liang  1 , Lanjiao Xu  1 , Bicheng Zou  1 , Tingzhou Zhang  2 , Fuguang Xue  1   3 , Mingren Qu  1
Affiliations

Rumen fermentative metabolomic and blood insights into the effect of yeast culture supplement on growing bulls under heat stress conditions

Xian Zhang et al. Front Microbiol. .

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of yeast culture supplements on the physiological state and growth performance of growing bulls under heat stress conditions and the underlying mechanism. A total of 14 (6.0 ± 1.0 months old) growing bulls with similar body weight were randomly assigned into the control group (YC0g/d ) and yeast culture supplement group (YC40g/d ). YC0g/d contained three replicates, with two bulls in each replicate, which were fed a basal diet. Meanwhile, the YC40g/d treatment contained four replicates, with two bulls in each replicate, which were fed a basal diet supplemented with 40 g/day of yeast culture per cattle. Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentable metabolites, serum immunity, serum hormones, and serum antioxidant parameters were measured. Results showed that the average daily gain significantly increased (P < 0.05), while the feed-to-gain ratio significantly decreased (P < 0.01) after YC supplementation compared with the YC0g/d . The digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (P < 0.05) was higher in YC40g/d . There were no significant differences in ruminal pH, NH3-N, butyrate, or acetate/propionate (P > 0.05). Besides, the rumen MCP, acetate, propionate, and total VFA content remarkably increased with the supplement of YC (P < 0.05). Yeast culture supplementation increased the concentration of nicotinamide riboside, neuromedin B, peptides, and formyl-5-hydroxykynurenamine. The YC40g/d group had a significantly (P < 0.05) higher serum triiodothyronine level, serum glutathione peroxidase levels, and total antioxidant capacity while having a lower serum malondialdehyde level than the YC0g/d group. In conclusion, the addition of yeast culture in the diet improves the growth performance of growing bulls under heat stress by increasing nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation function, antioxidant capacity, and rumen metabolites.

Keywords: antioxidant variables; growing bulls; growth performance; heat stress; metabolomics; yeast culture.

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Conflict of interest statement

TZ was employed by ZheJiang Cofine Biotechnology Company Limited. FX was employed by Yangxin Yiliyuan Halal Meat Co., Ltd. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
The average temperature, average relative humidity, and THI during the trial period.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
(A) A PCA of ruminal metabolites from bulls (n = 6) fed a control diet (control) and bulls fed 40 g/day of YC; (B) an OPLS-DA of ruminal metabolites from bulls (n = 6) fed a control diet (control) and bulls fed 40 g/day of YC.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Analysis of the KEGG pathway enriched by differential metabolites in the rumen.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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