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Meta-Analysis
. 2023 Jul;44(7):1068-1075.
doi: 10.1017/ice.2022.217. Epub 2022 Sep 23.

Prevalence and trends of Clostridioides difficile infection among persons requiring maintenance hemodialysis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Yousef M Elfanagely  1 , Joshua Ray Tanzer  2 , Anuoluwapo Shobayo  3 , Mouhand F H Mohamed  1 , Jonathan J C Ho  1 , Douglas Shemin  4 , Laura Pavlech  5 , Erika M C D'Agata  2
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Prevalence and trends of Clostridioides difficile infection among persons requiring maintenance hemodialysis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Yousef M Elfanagely et al. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2023 Jul.

Abstract

Objective: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is among the most common cause of healthcare-associated infections. Persons requiring maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) are at increased risk of CDI and associated mortality compared to persons not requiring MHD. Given the clinical impact of CDI among persons requiring MHD, we aimed to quantify the burden of CDI and trends over time in this patient population.

Study design: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting rates of CDI among persons requiring MHD in MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were performed. Searches were conducted on May 17, 2021, and March 4, 2022.

Results: In total, 2,408 titles and abstracts were identified; 240 underwent full text review. Among them, 15 studies provided data on rates of CDI among persons requiring MHD, and 8 of these also provided rates among persons not requiring MHD. The pooled prevalence of CDI among persons requiring MHD was 19.14%, compared to 5.16% among persons not requiring MHD (odds ratio [OR], 4.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.07-9.16; P = .47). The linear increase in CDI over time was significant, increasing an average of 31.97% annually between 1993 and 2017 (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.1-1.58; P < .01). The linear annual increase was similar among persons requiring and not requiring MHD (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.13-1.45; P = .11).

Conclusions: Persons requiring MHD have a 4-fold higher risk of CDI compared to persons not requiring MHD, and rates of CDI are increasing over time in both groups.

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Conflict of interest statement

All authors report no conflicts of interest relevant to this article.

Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flow chart of the study search and review process examining CDI among persons on maintenance hemodialysis. Note. CDI, Clostridioides difficile infection; MHD, maintenance hemodialysis.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.
Forest plot of the 10 included studies providing Clostridioides difficile prevalence among persons requiring and not requiring maintenance hemodialysis.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.
Trends in Clostridioides difficile infection over time comparing persons requiring and not requiring maintenance hemodialysis. The line and shaded regions represent the modeled average and 95% confidence intervals.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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