Impact of Cannabis Use on Outcomes after Lower Extremity Bypass

Abstract

Background: Cannabis is one of the most commonly used substances in the United States, with national use on the rise. However, there is a paucity of data regarding the effects of cannabis and surgical outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the association of cannabis use on postoperative outcomes after lower extremity bypass.

Methods: We queried a large statewide registry from 2014 to 2021 to assess patients who underwent lower extremity bypass procedures. Data were gathered regarding cannabis use and the association with postoperative outcomes at 30 days and 1 year.

Results: A total of 11,013 patients were identified. Ninety-one percent of patients (10,024) reported no cannabis use, whereas 9.0% (989) reported cannabis use in the past month. Compared with noncannabis users, patients using cannabis had higher opioid use at discharge (odds ratio [OR]: 1.56, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28-1.90), decreased bypass patency at 30 days (OR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.36-0.78) and 1 year (OR: 0.64, 95% CI 0.47-0.86), and an increased amputation rate at 1 year (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.02-1.52) after lower extremity bypass.

Conclusions: This study shows that cannabis use in vascular surgical patients was associated with decreased graft patency, increased amputation, and increased opioid use after lower extremity bypass procedures. Although future studies are needed, the present study provides novel data that can be used to counsel patients undergoing vascular surgery.