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Review
. 2022 Aug 15;14(8):1478-1489.
doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i8.1478.

Stereotactic radiotherapy for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Aditya Borakati  1 , Farid Froghi  2 , Ricky H Bhogal  3 , Vasileios K Mavroeidis  4
Affiliations
Review

Stereotactic radiotherapy for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Aditya Borakati et al. World J Gastrointest Oncol. .

Abstract

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is an aggressive malignancy with an increasing incidence worldwide and poor prognosis, despite several advances and continuous efforts to develop effective treatments. Complete surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment and offers a potentially curative option, but is only possible in less than a third of patients, owing to advanced disease. Chemotherapy is a well-established treatment in the adjuvant and palliative setting, however, confers limited benefit. Conventional radiotherapy is challenging due to local toxicity. With recent advances in stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR), it is now possible to focus ablative beams of radiotherapy precisely aimed at tumours to minimise damage to surrounding viscera. This review details the history, technical background and application of SABR to iCCA, with directions for future research suggested.

Keywords: Cholangiocarcinoma; Hepatectomy; Intrahepatic; Liver cancer; Radiotherapy; Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy; Stereotactic body radiotherapy.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Anatomical classification of cholangiocarcinoma. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma-proximal to second order bile ducts; perihilar cholangiocarcinomas-between second order branches of right and/or left hepatic ducts and cystic duct confluence; distal cholangiocarcinoma-between cystic duct confluence and Ampulla of Vater. Citation: Wikimedia Foundation-Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 1.0 Generic License. [cited 10 March 2022]. Available from: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Biliary_system_multilingual.svg.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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