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Observational Study
. 2021 May-Jun;41(3):329-336.
doi: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2020.09.009. Epub 2021 Aug 19.

COVID-19 incidence and outcomes in a home dialysis unit in Madrid (Spain) at the height of the pandemic

María Maldonado  1 , Marta Ossorio  2 , Gloria Del Peso  3 , Carlos Santos-Alonso  4 , Laura Álvarez  2 , Rafael Sánchez-Villanueva  2 , Begoña Rivas  5 , Cristina Vega  5 , Rafael Selgas  6 , María A Bajo  6
Affiliations
Observational Study

COVID-19 incidence and outcomes in a home dialysis unit in Madrid (Spain) at the height of the pandemic

María Maldonado et al. Nefrologia (Engl Ed). 2021 May-Jun.

Abstract
in English, Spanish

Introduction: The 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) is a viral infection caused by a new coronavirus that is affecting the entire world. There have been studies of patients on in-center hemodialysis (HD), but home dialysis population data are scarce. Our objective is to study the incidence and course of COVID-19 in a home dialysis unit (HDU) at the height of the pandemic.

Methods: an observational, retrospective study enrolling all patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from the HDU of Hospital Universitario La Paz [La Paz University Hospital] (Madrid, Spain) between March 10 and May 15, 2020. We collected clinical data from the HDU (57 patients on peritoneal dialysis [PD] and 22 patients on home hemodialysis [HHD]) and compared the clinical characteristics and course of patients with and without COVID-19 infection.

Results: twelve patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 (9 PD; 3 HHD). There were no statistically significant differences in terms of clinical characteristics between patients with COVID-19 and the rest of the unit. The mean age was 62 ± 18.5 years; most were men (75%). All patients but one required hospitalization. Ten patients (83%) were discharged following a mean of 16.4 ± 9.7 days of hospitalization. Two patients were diagnosed while hospitalised for other conditions, and these were the only patients who died. Those who died were older than those who survived.

Conclusion: The incidence of COVID-19 in our HDU in Madrid at the height of the pandemic was high, especially in patients on PD. No potential benefit for preventing the infection in patients on home dialysis was observed. Advanced age and nosocomial transmission were the main factors linked to a worse prognosis.

Introducción: La enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) es una infección viral causada por un nuevo coronavirus que está afectando a todo el mundo. Hay estudios previos de pacientes en hemodiálisis en centro (HD), pero hay pocos datos sobre población en diálisis domiciliaria. Nuestro objetivo es estudiar la incidencia y evolución de COVID-19 en una unidad de diálisis domiciliaria (UDD) durante el pico de la pandemia.

Métodos: estudio observacional y retrospectivo que incluye todos los pacientes diagnosticados de COVID-19 de la UDD del Hospital Universitario La Paz (Madrid, España) entre el 10 de marzo y el 15 de mayo de 2020. Se recogieron los datos clínicos de la UDD (57 pacientes en diálisis peritoneal [PD] y 22 pacientes en hemodiálisis domiciliaria [HDD]) y comparamos las características clínicas y la evolución de los pacientes con o sin infección por COVID-19.

Resultados: doce pacientes fueron diagnosticados de COVID-19 (9 DP, 3 HDD). No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las características clínicas de los pacientes con COVID-19 y el resto de la unidad. La edad media fue 62 ± 18.5 años; la mayoría eran varones (75%). Todos los pacientes menos uno necesitaron hospitalización. Diez pacientes (83%) fueron dados de alta tras una media de 16,4 ± 9,7 días de hospitalización. Dos pacientes fueron diagnosticados durante su hospitalización por otro motivo y fueron los únicos que fallecieron. Los fallecidos eran de mayor edad que los supervivientes.

Conclusión: La incidencia de COVID-19 en nuestra UDD en Madrid durante el pico de la pandemia fue alto, especialmente en los pacientes en DP, sin observarse un potencial beneficio para prevenir la infección en los pacientes en diálisis domiciliaria. La edad avanzada y la transmisión nosocomial fueron los principales factores relacionados con peor pronóstico.

Keywords: COVID-19; Diálisis domiciliaria; Diálisis peritoneal; España; Hemodiálisis domiciliaria; Home dialysis; Home hemodialysis; Peritoneal dialysis; Spain.

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