A nomenclature consensus for nervous system organoids and assembloids

Sergiu P Pașca^{1

2}, Paola Arlotta^{3

4}, Helen S Bateup^{5

6

7}, J Gray Camp^{8

9}, Silvia Cappello¹⁰, Fred H Gage¹¹, Jürgen A Knoblich^{12

13}, Arnold R Kriegstein^{14

15}, Madeline A Lancaster¹⁶, Guo-Li Ming^{17

18

19

20

21}, Alysson R Muotri^{22

23}, In-Hyun Park²⁴, Orly Reiner²⁵, Hongjun Song^{17

18

19

20

26}, Lorenz Studer²⁷, Sally Temple²⁸, Giuseppe Testa^{29

30}, Barbara Treutlein³¹, Flora M Vaccarino^{32

33

34}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. spasca@stanford.edu.
² Stanford Brain Organogenesis, Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. spasca@stanford.edu.
³ Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
⁴ Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
⁵ Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
⁶ Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
⁷ Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
⁸ Roche Institute for Translational Bioengineering, Basel, Switzerland.
⁹ University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
¹⁰ Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
¹¹ Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
¹² Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria.
¹³ Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
¹⁴ Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
¹⁵ Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
¹⁶ MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.
¹⁷ Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
¹⁸ Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
¹⁹ Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
²⁰ Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
²¹ Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
²² Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
²³ Stem Cell Program, Archealization Center, Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
²⁴ Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
²⁵ Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
²⁶ The Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
²⁷ The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, USA.
²⁸ Neural Stem Cell Institute, Rensselaer, NY, USA.
²⁹ Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
³⁰ Human Technopole, Milan, Italy.
³¹ Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland.
³² Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
³³ Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
³⁴ Yale Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, New Haven, CT, USA.

PMID: 36171373
PMCID: PMC10571504
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05219-6

A nomenclature consensus for nervous system organoids and assembloids

Sergiu P Pașca et al. Nature. 2022 Sep.

. 2022 Sep;609(7929):907-910.

doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-05219-6. Epub 2022 Sep 28.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. spasca@stanford.edu.
² Stanford Brain Organogenesis, Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. spasca@stanford.edu.
³ Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
⁴ Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
⁵ Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
⁶ Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
⁷ Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
⁸ Roche Institute for Translational Bioengineering, Basel, Switzerland.
⁹ University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
¹⁰ Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
¹¹ Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
¹² Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria.
¹³ Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
¹⁴ Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
¹⁵ Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
¹⁶ MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.
¹⁷ Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
¹⁸ Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
¹⁹ Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
²⁰ Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
²¹ Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
²² Departments of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
²³ Stem Cell Program, Archealization Center, Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
²⁴ Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
²⁵ Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
²⁶ The Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
²⁷ The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, USA.
²⁸ Neural Stem Cell Institute, Rensselaer, NY, USA.
²⁹ Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
³⁰ Human Technopole, Milan, Italy.
³¹ Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland.
³² Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
³³ Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
³⁴ Yale Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, New Haven, CT, USA.

PMID: 36171373
PMCID: PMC10571504
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05219-6

Abstract

Self-organizing three-dimensional cellular models derived from human pluripotent stem cells or primary tissue have great potential to provide insights into how the human nervous system develops, what makes it unique and how disorders of the nervous system arise, progress and could be treated. Here, to facilitate progress and improve communication with the scientific community and the public, we clarify and provide a basic framework for the nomenclature of human multicellular models of nervous system development and disease, including organoids, assembloids and transplants.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

**Fig. 1 |. Classification of human multicellular models of the nervous system.**
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs; induced or embryonic) can be differentiated in monolayer (2D) conditions to derive the main lineages of the nervous system, and those can be used in isolation or combined as co-cultures, including as part of on-a-chip preparations. Alternatively, human pluripotent stem cells can be differentiated in self-organizing 3D cultures to derive unguided neural organoids or regionalized neural organoids resembling regions or domains of the nervous system. These can be combined to generate assembloids or can be transplanted into animals (grafted or transplanted organoids). Assembloids can be generated from organoids derived from different individuals, which create inter-individual assembloids, or different species, to create inter-species assembloids.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

1. Sasai Y. Cytosystems dynamics in self-organization of tissue architecture. Nature 493, 318–326 (2013). - PubMed
1. Eiraku M. et al. Self-organized formation of polarized cortical tissues from ESCs and its active manipulation by extrinsic signals. Cell Stem Cell 3, 519–532 (2008). - PubMed
1. Ardhanareeswaran K, Mariani J, Coppola G, Abyzov A & Vaccarino FM Human induced pluripotent stem cells for modelling neurodevelopmental disorders. Nat. Rev. Neurol 13, 265–278 (2017). - PMC - PubMed
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1. Pasca SP The rise of three-dimensional human brain cultures. Nature 553, 437–445 (2018). - PubMed

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A nomenclature consensus for nervous system organoids and assembloids

Affiliations

A nomenclature consensus for nervous system organoids and assembloids

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

References

MeSH terms

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Other Literature Sources