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. 2022 Sep 12:10:959631.
doi: 10.3389/fped.2022.959631. eCollection 2022.

Time to occurrence of necrotizing enterocolitis and its predictors among low birth weight neonates admitted at neonatal intensive care unit of felege hiwot compressive specialized hospital BahirDar, Ethiopia, 2021: A retrospective follow-up study

Tamiru Alene  1 , Mulualem Gete Feleke  2 , Addisu Yeshambel  3 , Abraham Tsedalu Amare  4 , Agimasie Tigabu  4 , Tekalign Amera Birlie  4 , Yared Asmare Aynalem  5 , Gashaw Kerebeh  6 , Kirubel Eshetu  2 , Tilahun Degu Tsega  7 , Biresaw Wassihun  8 , Getachew Asmare Adella  9 , Tesfaye Yitna Chichiabellu  2
Affiliations

Time to occurrence of necrotizing enterocolitis and its predictors among low birth weight neonates admitted at neonatal intensive care unit of felege hiwot compressive specialized hospital BahirDar, Ethiopia, 2021: A retrospective follow-up study

Tamiru Alene et al. Front Pediatr. .

Abstract

Background: Globally, the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) varies between 6 and 15% of all neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Though necrotizing enterocolitis is a multifactorial and life-threatening disease, low birth prematurity is the single cause. Therefore, determining the time to presentation and its predictors of necrotizing enterocolitis were the main goals of this investigation.

Materials and methods: An institution-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted among 747 low birth weight (LBW) neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Felege Hiwot comprehensive specialized Hospital from 1 January 2017 to 30 December 2019. The sample size was calculated by using the STATA package. Data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and exported to STATA version 14 for analysis. The log-rank test and the Kaplan-Meier estimator were used to display the survival probability and differences between groups. At a significance threshold of 5%, Cox proportional hazard regression was performed to determine the net independent predictors of necrotizing enterocolitis.

Result: The overall incidence rate was 0.86 per 1,000 person-days (95% CI: 0.67, 1.14) with a 6.8% (95% i: 5.2, 8.9) proportion of necrotizing enterocolitis among low birth weight neonates. Preeclampsia [adjusted hazard ratio (AHR);1.92 (95% CI: 1.03-3.58)], premature rapture of membrane [AHR; 2.36 (95%, CI: 1.19-4.69)], perinatal asphyxia [AHR; 4.05 (95%, CI: 2.04-8.60)], gestational age between 28 and 32 weeks [AHR; 3.59 (95% CI: 1.01-8.83)], and birth weigh less than 1,000 g [AHR; 5.45 (95% CI: 3.84-9.12) were the independent predictors of necrotizing enterocolitis.

Conclusion: Within the first 1-7 days of a newborn's life, necrotizing enterocolitis was most common. It was discovered that preeclampsia, premature rupture of membrane, perinatal asphyxia, gestational age of 28-32 weeks, and birth weight less than 1,000 g were predictors of its occurrence.

Keywords: BahirDar; Ethiopia; Kaplan–Meier; incidence density; low birth weight; necrotizing enterocolitis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Medical characteristics among low birth weight (LBW) neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Felege Hiwot Compressive Specialized Hospital (FHCSH), Ethiopia from 1 January 2015 to 30 December 2019.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
The overall Kaplan–Meier incidence estimate of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) among LBW neonates admitted to the NICU of FHCSH, Ethiopia from 1 January 2015 to 30 December 2019.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
The Kaplan–Meier incidence estimate of NEC with respect to (A) preeclampsia, (B) premature rupture of membranes (PROM), (C) perinatal asphyxia (PNA), (D) gestational age, and (E) birth weight LBW neonates admitted to the NICU of FHCSH, Ethiopia from 1 January 2015 to 30 December 2019.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
The Cox Snell residual overall model fitness test of LBW neonates admitted to the NICU of FHCSH, Ethiopia from 1 January 2015 to 30 December 2019.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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