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Review
. 2022 Sep 22:18:939-944.
doi: 10.2147/TCRM.S350762. eCollection 2022.

Review of Treatment for Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency (ADA) Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)

Elizabeth Secord  1 , Nicholas L Hartog  2
Affiliations
Review

Review of Treatment for Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency (ADA) Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)

Elizabeth Secord et al. Ther Clin Risk Manag. .

Abstract

Adenosine deaminase deficiency (ADA) is a purine salvage pathway deficiency that results in buildup of toxic metabolites causing death in rapidly dividing cells, especially lymphocytes. The most complete form of ADA leads to severe combined immune deficiency (SCID). Treatment with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) was developed in the 1970s and became the treatment for ADA SCID by the 1980s. It remains an option for some infants with SCID, and a stopgap measure for others awaiting curative therapy. For some infants with ADA SCID who have matching family donors hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is an option for cure. Gene therapy for ADA SCID, approved in some countries and in trials in others, is becoming possible for more infants with this disorder. This review covers the history of ADA SCID, the treatment options to date and particularly the history of the development of gene therapy for ADA SCID and the current state of the risks and benefits of the gene therapy option.

Keywords: ADA; ERT; SCID; adenosine deaminase deficiency; enzyme replacement therapy; gene therapy; severe combined immunodeficiency.

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Conflict of interest statement

Dr Nicholas L Hartog reports speaker bureau for Binding Site, advisory board member for Regeneron and Genentech, speaker bureau and advisory board for Horizon Pharmaceuticals, Takeda, advisory board and steering committee for Pharming Healthcare, outside the submitted work. The authors report no other conflicts of interest in this work.

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