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. 2022 Nov-Dec;48(6):944-951.
doi: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2022.0381.

Relationship between primary monosymptomatic enuresis and process toilet training: a case-control

Tânia Antunes Carvalho  1 , Mônica Maria de Almeida Vasconcelos  1 , José de Bessa Júnior  2 , José Murillo Bastos Netto  3   4 , Melissa Faria Dutra  1 , Isabela Cristina de Oliveira Guimarães  1 , Eleonora Moreira Lima  1 , Ana Cristina Simões E Silva  1   5 , Flávia Cristina de Carvalho Mrad  1
Affiliations

Relationship between primary monosymptomatic enuresis and process toilet training: a case-control

Tânia Antunes Carvalho et al. Int Braz J Urol. 2022 Nov-Dec.

Abstract

Objective: Primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE) is a prevalent condition in childhood, and the pathophysiology is multifactorial. This study investigated the relationship between the toilet training process (TT) and PMNE in children and adolescents.

Patients and methods: A case-control study was carried out from 2015 to 2020. The presence of PMNE was identified according to International Children's Continence Society criteria. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied to assess TT.

Results: The study included 103 children and adolescents with PMNE and 269 participants with normal psychomotor development without PMNE (control group [CG]). Readiness signals were more remembered and less frequent in participants with PMNE (p=0.001) when compared to control group. No differences were found between the groups regarding the onset age of the daytime TT (p= 0.10), the nocturnal TT (p=0.08), the acquisition of daytime continence (p=0.06), and the type of equipment used for the TT (p=0.99). The use of Child-Oriented approach in group of children with enuresis was lower than in controls [87.4% (90/103) versus 94% (250/266)], respectively (OR= 0.44, 95% CI 0.21-0.94, p = 0.039).

Conclusions: The age of onset of TT, acquisition of daytime continence, and the type of equipment were not associated with higher occurrence of PMNE. On the other hand, the Child-Oriented approach was a protective factor for the occurrence of PMNE.

Keywords: Adolescent; Enuresis; Toilet Training.

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Conflict of interest statement

None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Main readiness signs described by parents/caregivers
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

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