MA, MP, and JB received support from Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for Research and Innovation of the European Commission (RISCC network, grant 847845). MA received support from the European Society of Gynaecological Oncology and from the UNDP–UNFPA–UNICEF–WHO–World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction; and his employer Sciensano received support from VALGENT and VALHUDES. KC co-leads an investigator-initiated trial of cervical screening Compass run by the Australian Centre for Prevention of Cervical Cancer (ACPCC); Compass receives infrastructure support from the Australian government and the ACPCC has received equipment and a funding contribution from Roche Molecular Diagnostics. KC also co-leads an implementation program Elimination of Cervical Cancer in the Western Pacific, which has received support from the Minderoo Foundation and the Frazer Family Foundation and equipment donations from Cepheid. MP's employer received free-of-charge reagents and consumables from Qiagen, Seegene, Abbott, and Roche. JB received support from National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) for the HPV self-sampling projects. All other authors declare no competing interests.