Exploring the effects of edaravone in rats with contrast-induced acute kidney injury

Abstract

Aims: Oxidative stress and inflammatory response play a vital role in the pathogenesis of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI). This study investigated the effects of edaravone in rats with CI-AKI.

Main methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 11-14/group): control, edaravone (30 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally (IP)), CI-AKI, and edaravone with CI-AKI. The induction of CI-AKI was performed by dehydration and the administration of contrast media (iohexol) and inhibitors of prostaglandin (indomethacin) and nitric oxide synthesis (L-NAME: N-nitro L-arginine methyl ester). Edaravone was administered for two weeks before the induction of CI-AKI. Serum creatinine and urea, renal oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers, and histopathological alterations were evaluated after 48 h of contrast exposure.

Key findings: Rats with CI-AKI showed a significant increase in serum creatinine and urea. The levels of antioxidant biomarkers including glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione were significantly decreased in CI-AKI group versus control. Pre-treatment of rats with edaravone normalized kidney function and protected the kidney from oxidative damage as demonstrated by normalization of previous biomarkers. Furthermore, edaravone partially ameliorated renal histopathological alterations relative to the CI-AKI group, notably in the nephrons. No changes were observed in inflammatory biomarkers including tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 among all groups.

Significance: The current findings suggest that edaravone could be a potential strategy to ameliorate developing CI-AKI possibly by improving renal antioxidant capacity. Further studies are warranted to expand the current understanding of the use of edaravone in the various models of AKI.

Keywords: Biomarkers; Contrast-induced acute kidney injury; Edaravone; Histology; Rats.