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. 2023 Jan;38(1):61-69.
doi: 10.1111/jgh.16013. Epub 2022 Oct 19.

Altered gut microbiota in patients with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

Shigeki Bamba  1 , Takayuki Imai  1 , Masaya Sasaki  2 , Masashi Ohno  3 , Shinya Yoshida  3 , Atsushi Nishida  3 , Kenichiro Takahashi  3 , Osamu Inatomi  3 , Akira Andoh  3
Affiliations

Altered gut microbiota in patients with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

Shigeki Bamba et al. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023 Jan.

Abstract

Background and aim: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is diagnosed by using quantitative culture of duodenal aspirates and/or a hydrogen breath test. However, few studies have analyzed bacterial microbiota in Japanese patients with SIBO.

Methods: Twenty-four patients with any abdominal symptoms and suspected SIBO were enrolled. Quantitative culture of duodenal aspirates and a glucose hydrogen breath test were performed on the same day. SIBO was diagnosed based on a bacterial count ≥ 103 CFU/mL or a rise in the hydrogen breath level of ≥ 20 ppm. The composition of the duodenal microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Results: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth was diagnosed in 17 of the 24 patients (71%). The positive rates for the hydrogen breath test and quantitative culture of duodenal aspirates were 50% and 62%, respectively. Patients with SIBO showed significantly reduced α-diversity compared with non-SIBO patients, and analysis of β-diversity revealed significantly different distributions between SIBO and non-SIBO patients. In addition, the intestinal microbiome in SIBO patients was characterized by increased relative abundance of Streptococcus and decreased relative abundance of Bacteroides compared with non-SIBO patients.

Conclusions: Duodenal dysbiosis was identified in patients with SIBO and may play a role in the pathophysiology of SIBO.

Keywords: clinical intestinal disorders; intestinal disorders; small bowel.

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