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Review
. 2022 Sep 14:13:870243.
doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.870243. eCollection 2022.

Effects of Ion-Transporting Proteins on the Digestive System Under Hypoxia

Yiwei Xiang  1   2 , Dongdong Fan  1   2 , Qimin An  1   2 , Ting Zhang  1   2 , Xianli Wu  1   2 , Jianhong Ding  1   2 , Xiaolin Xu  1   2 , Gengyu Yue  1   2 , Siqi Tang  1   2 , Qian Du  1   2 , Jingyu Xu  1   2 , Rui Xie  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Effects of Ion-Transporting Proteins on the Digestive System Under Hypoxia

Yiwei Xiang et al. Front Physiol. .

Abstract

Hypoxia refers to a state of oxygen limitation, which mainly mediates pathological processes in the human body and participates in the regulation of normal physiological processes. In the hypoxic environment, the main regulator of human body homeostasis is the hypoxia-inducible factor family (HIF). HIF can regulate the expression of many hypoxia-induced genes and then participate in various physiological and pathological processes of the human body. Ion-transporting proteins are extremely important types of proteins. Ion-transporting proteins are distributed on cell membranes or organelles and strictly control the inflow or outflow of ions in cells or organelles. Changes in ions in cells are often closely related to extensive physiological and pathological processes in the human body. Numerous studies have confirmed that hypoxia and its regulatory factors can regulate the transcription and expression of ion-transporting protein-related genes. Under hypoxic stress, the regulation and interaction of ion-transporting proteins by hypoxia often leads to diseases of various human systems and even tumors. Using ion-transporting proteins and hypoxia as targets to explore the mechanism of digestive system diseases and targeted therapy is expected to become a new breakthrough point.

Keywords: digestive; hypoxia; ion; ion-transporting protein; system.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
HIF can be expressed in different ways under normoxia and hypoxia. Under normoxic conditions, the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α subunit can bind the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene product (PVHL). pVHL mediates the ubiquitin–proteasome, which is composed of RBX1, Elongin B, Elongin C, and VHL. The ubiquitin–proteasome pathway rapidly degrades HIF. In contrast, under hypoxic conditions, the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α subunit becomes stable and interacts with coactivators, such as p300/CBP, and the transcriptional activity of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α is enhanced. Under hypoxic conditions, it has become the main regulator of many hypoxia-induced genes involved in cell survival, proliferation, exercise, metabolism, pH regulation, extracellular matrix function, inflammatory cell recruitment, angiogenesis, etc.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Summary of the effects of ion transporters on the digestive system under hypoxia.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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