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Review
. 2022;24(11):159-171.
doi: 10.1007/s11908-022-00787-0. Epub 2022 Sep 24.

Nosocomial Extracardiac Infections After Cardiac Surgery

Enrico Maria Zardi  1 , Massimo Chello  2 , Domenico Maria Zardi  3 , Raffaele Barbato  2 , Omar Giacinto  2 , Ciro Mastroianni  2 , Mario Lusini  2
Affiliations
Review

Nosocomial Extracardiac Infections After Cardiac Surgery

Enrico Maria Zardi et al. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2022.

Abstract

Purpose of review: Nosocomial extracardiac infections after cardiac surgery are a major public health issue affecting 3-8.2% of patients within 30-60 days following the intervention.

Recent findings: Here, we have considered the most important postoperative infective complications that, in order of frequency, are pneumonia, surgical site infection, urinary tract infection, and bloodstream infection. The overall picture that emerges shows that they cause a greater perioperative morbidity and mortality with a longer hospitalization time and excess costs. Preventive interventions and corrective measures, diminishing the burden of nosocomial extracardiac infections, may reduce the global costs. A multidisciplinary team may assure a more appropriate management of nosocomial extracardiac infections leading to a reduction of hospitalization time and mortality rate.

Summary: The main and most current data on epidemiology, prevention, microbiology, diagnosis, and management for each one of the most important postoperative infective complications are reported. The establishment of an antimicrobial stewardship in each hospital seems to be, at the moment, the more valid strategy to counteract the challenging problems.

Keywords: Cardiac surgery; Epidemiology; Nosocomial complications; Postsurgical infections; Stewardship; Treatment.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of InterestEnrico M Zardi, Massimo Chello, Domenico M Zardi, Raffaele Barbato, Omar Giacinto, Ciro Mastroianni, and Mario Lusini declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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