Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Sep 13:(187):10.3791/64413.
doi: 10.3791/64413.

Transdermal Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Mechanically Ventilated Piglets

Mina S Fanous #  1 , Jeremiah M Afolabi #  1 , Olugbenga S Michael  1 , Olufunke O Falayi  1 , Samson A Iwhiwhu  1 , Adebowale Adebiyi  2
Affiliations

Transdermal Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Mechanically Ventilated Piglets

Mina S Fanous et al. J Vis Exp. .

Abstract

Transdermal measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) has been used to evaluate kidney function in conscious animals. This technique is well established in rodents to study acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. However, GFR measurement using the transdermal system has not been validated in pigs, a species with a similar renal system to humans. Hence, we investigated the effect of sepsis on transdermal GFR in anesthetized and mechanically ventilated neonatal pigs. Polymicrobial sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The transdermal GFR measurement system consisting of a miniaturized fluorescence sensor was attached to the pig's shaved skin to determine the clearance of fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugated sinistrin, an intravenously injected GFR tracer. Our results show that at 12 h post-CLP, serum creatinine increased with a decrease in GFR. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the utility of the transdermal GFR approach in determining renal function in mechanically ventilated, neonatal pigs.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1:
Figure 1:. Cecum ligation surgery.
(A) Cecum identified and brought to the exterior. (B) Cecum ligated at the base with a silk tie before puncturing with a needle.
Figure 2:
Figure 2:. Attachment of transdermal device to the skin.
(A) Skin shaved prior to attachment of adhesive patch. (B) Transdermal GFR device attached to the adhesive patch.
Figure 3:
Figure 3:. Representative results.
(A) Weight of the piglets used in this study and (B) Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in mechanically ventilated sham and septic male piglets (unpaired t-test).
Figure 4:
Figure 4:. Representative FITC-sinistrin clearance curves in mechanically ventilated sham and septic male piglets.
(A) 12 h sham, (B) 12 h sepsis. Septic pigs present with impaired renal function as demonstrated by an increased area under the curve. Black data points represent raw data, blue lines the three-compartment fit, green lines the 95% confidence intervals, and red line the filtered data. (C) Overlay of representative curves to reflect the degree of divergence from baseline in septic pigs. The sepsis curve (red) showed minimal clearance of FITC-sinistrin, indicating AKI.
Figure 5:
Figure 5:. Representative results.
(A) FITC-sinistrin half-life and (B) GFR plots in mechanically ventilated sham and septic male piglets (unpaired t-test).
Figure 6:
Figure 6:. Serum creatinine in mechanically ventilated sham and septic male piglets.
(One-way ANOVA test).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Pasala S, Carmody JB How to use… serum creatinine, cystatin C and GFR. Archives of Disease in Childhood Education and Practice Edition. 102 (1), 37–43 (2017). - PubMed
    1. Smith HW The Kidney: Structure and Function in Health and Disease. Oxford University Press, USA: (1951).
    1. Gutman Y, Gottschalk CW, Lassiter WE Micropuncture study of inulin absorption in the rat kidney. Science. 147 (3659), 753–754 (1965). - PubMed
    1. Ellery SJ, Cai X, Walker DD, Dickinson H, Kett MM Transcutaneous measurement of glomerular filtration rate in small rodents: through the skin for the win? Nephrology. 20 (3), 117–123 (2015). - PubMed
    1. Eisner C et al. Major contribution of tubular secretion to creatinine clearance in mice. Kidney International. 77 (6), 519–526 (2010). - PMC - PubMed

Publication types