RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) natural antiviral inhibitors: a review

Abstract

Viral diseases are the cause of many global epidemics, leading to deaths, affecting the quality of life of populations, and impairing public health. The limitations in the treatment of viral diseases and the constant resistance to conventional antiviral treatments encourage researchers to discover new compounds. In this perspective, this literature review presents isolated molecules and extracts of natural products capable of inhibiting the activity of the nonstructural protein that acts as the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The literature review presented natural compounds with the potential to be tested as alternative medicines or used in the development of synthetic drugs to prevent the replication of RNA viruses, such as COVID-19, hepatitis C, and dengue viruses, among others. Natural products are known to exhibit remarkable activities in mitigation of different viral diseases, in addition, they help to decrease the aggravation of infections. Consequently, reducing hospitalization time and deaths.

Keywords: Antivirals; Dengue; Hepatitis C; Natural products; RdRp; SARS-CoV-2.

Fig. 1

Structures of isolated compounds that inhibited RdRp

Fig. 1

Structures of isolated compounds that inhibited RdRp

Fig. 1

Structures of isolated compounds that inhibited RdRp

Fig. 2

Bioactive compounds that showed significant polymerase inhibitory activity with IC₅₀ values <5.0 μM

Fig. 3

Classes of secondary metabolites of isolated compounds with IC₅₀ values below 5 μM

Fig. 4

Extracts that exhibited significant polymerase inhibitory activity with IC₅₀ values <5.0 µg/mL