Pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered ciprofloxacin in patients with various degrees of renal function

Abstract

We examined the pharmacokinetic behavior of 200 mg of ciprofloxacin administered intravenously to 32 volunteers whose renal function as measured by creatinine clearance ranged from 0 to 8.99 liters/h per 1.73 m2. Serum clearances (mean +/- standard deviation) were 26.8 +/- 5.7 and 15.4 +/- 4.3 liters/h per 1.73 m2 in normal and anephric volunteers, respectively. The half-life (mean +/- standard deviation) increased from 4.3 +/- 0.8 h in normal volunteers to 8.6 +/- 3.3 h in anephric volunteers. There was good correlation between normalized creatinine clearance and both normalized serum and renal clearance. The regression equation for serum clearance (CLS) versus creatinine clearance (CLCR) was CLS = 1.97 X CLCR + 13.23, where r = 0.697; for renal clearance versus creatinine clearance, the equation was CLR = 2.26 X CLCR, where r = 0.845. On the basis of these data, we recommend a maximum 50% reduction in dose when ciprofloxacin is instituted at a renal function of 1.2 to 1.8 liters/h per 1.73 m2 (20 to 30 ml/min per 1.73 m2). Because of the observed variation in ciprofloxacin half-life in our anephric volunteers, we also recommend that a schedule of administration every 12 h be maintained, even for patients without urine output.