CBTRUS Statistical Report: Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in 2015-2019

Abstract

The Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS), in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Cancer Institute, is the largest population-based registry focused exclusively on primary brain and other central nervous system (CNS) tumors in the United States (US) and represents the entire US population. This report contains the most up-to-date population-based data on primary brain tumors available and supersedes all previous reports in terms of completeness and accuracy. All rates are age-adjusted using the 2000 US standard population and presented per 100,000 population. The average annual age-adjusted incidence rate (AAAIR) of all malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors was 24.71 per 100,000 population (malignant AAAIR=7.02 and non-malignant AAAIR=17.69). This overall rate was higher in females compared to males (27.62 versus 21.60 per 100,000) and non-Hispanic persons compared to Hispanic persons (25.09 versus 22.95 per 100,000). The most commonly occurring malignant brain and other CNS histopathology was glioblastoma (14.2% of all tumors and 50.1% of all malignant tumors), and the most common non-malignant histopathology was meningioma (39.7% of all tumors and 55.4% of all non-malignant tumors). Glioblastoma was more common in males, and meningiomas were more common in females. In children and adolescents (ages 0-19 years), the incidence rate of all primary brain and other CNS tumors was 6.20 per 100,000 population. An estimated 93,470 new cases of malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors are expected to be diagnosed in the US population in 2022 (26,670 malignant and 66,806 non-malignant). There were 84,264 deaths attributed to malignant brain and other CNS tumors between 2015 and 2019. This represents an average annual mortality rate of 4.41 per 100,000 population and an average of 16,853 deaths per year. The five-year relative survival rate following diagnosis of a malignant brain and other CNS tumor was 35.7%, while for non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors the five-year relative survival rate was 91.8%.

Fig. 1

Availability by Central Cancer Registry for SEER and NPCR Incidence (2015-2019) and Survival Data (2001-2018)

Fig. 2

Overview of CBTRUS Data Edits Workflow, NPCR and SEER, 2015-2019

Fig. 3

Completeness of the Brain Molecular Marker Variable^a by Year at Diagnosis for Selected Histopathologies by ICD-O-3 Code, CBTRUS Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics – NPCR and SEER, 2018-2019

Fig. 4

A) Average Annual Age-Adjusted Incidence Rates^a with 95% Confidence Intervals of All Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors in Comparison to Top Eight Highest Incidence Cancers for Children Ages 0-14 Years, Adolescents and Young Adults Ages 15-39 Years, and Older Adults Ages 40+ Years, B) Average Annual Age-Adjusted Mortality Rates^a with 95% Confidence Intervals of All Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors in Comparison to Top Five Causes of Cancer Death and Top Three Non-Cancer Causes of Death for Children Ages 0-14 Years, Adolescents and Young Adults Ages 15-39 Years, and Older Adults Ages 40+ Years, CBTRUS Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics – NPCR and SEER, 2015-2019; and NVSS, 2015-2019

Fig. 5

Distribution^a of Malignant Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors (Five-Year Total=126,345; Annual Average Cases=25,269) by A) Site and B) Histopathology, CBTRUS Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics - NPCR and SEER, 2015-2019

Fig. 6

Annual Age-Adjusted Incidence Rates^a of All Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors and Incidence Trends by Behavior and Age Group at Diagnosis, CBTRUS Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics – NPCR and SEER, 2000-2019 (varying)

Fig. 7

Distribution^a of Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Gliomas (ICD-O-3 histopathology codes 9380-9384 and 9391-9460) (Five-Year Total=106,808; Annual Average Cases=21,362) by A) Site and B) Histopathology, CBTRUS Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics - NPCR and SEER, 2015-2019

Fig. 8

Annual Age-Adjusted Incidence Rates^a of Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Gliomas and Incidence Trends by Age Group at Diagnosis, CBTRUS Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics – NPCR and SEER, 2000-2019

Fig. 9

Annual Age-Adjusted Incidence Rates^a of Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors and Incidence Trends by Histopathology for Selected A) Non-Malignant and B) Malignant Histopathologies, CBTRUS Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics – NPCR and SEER, 2000-2019 (varying)

Fig. 10

Distribution^a of All Non-Malignant Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors (Five-Year Total=319,447; Annual Average Cases=63,887) by A) Site and B) Histopathology, CBTRUS Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics – NPCR and SEER, 2015-2019

Fig. 11

Distribution^a of All Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors by Behavior (Five-Year Total=445,792; Annual Average Cases=87,427), CBTRUS Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics – NPCR and SEER, 2015-2019

Fig. 12

Distribution^a of All Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors (Malignant and Non-Malignant Combined; Five-Year Total=445,792; Annual Average Cases=89,158) by A) Site and B) Histopathology, CBTRUS Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics – NPCR and SEER, 2015-2019

Fig. 13

Annual Age-Adjusted Incidence Ratesa of All Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors by Year and Behavior, CBTRUS Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics – NPCR and SEER, 2015-2019

Fig. 14

Frequency of IDH Mutationa by WHO Grade for Selected Astrocytoma Histopathologiesb, CBTRUS Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics – NPCR and SEER, 2018-2019

Fig. 15

Distribution^a of Primary Spinal Cord, Spinal Meninges, and Cauda Equina Tumors by Histopathology in A) Children and Adolescents (Ages 0-19 Years, Five-Year Total=1,451; Annual Average Cases=290) and B) Adults (Ages 20+ Years, Five-Year Total=19,103; Annual Average Cases=3,821), CBTRUS Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics – NPCR and SEER, 2015-2019

Fig. 16

Incidence Rate Ratios^a by Sex (Males:Females) for Selected Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumor Histopathologies, CBTRUS Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics – NPCR and SEER, 2015-2019

Fig. 17

Incidence Rate Ratios^a by Race (A- Whites:Blacks and B- Whites:Asian Or Pacific Islanders [API]) for Selected Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumor Histopathologies, CBTRUS Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics – NPCR and SEER, 2015-2019

Fig. 18

Age-Adjusted Incidence Rates^a of Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors by Selected Histopathologies and Age Group at Diagnosis A) Ages 0-19 Years and B) Ages 20+ Years CBTRUS Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics – NPCR and SEER, 2015-2019

Fig. 19

Distribution^a in Children and Adolescents (Ages 0-19 Years) of All Primary Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors (Five-Year Total=25,340; Annual Average Cases=5,068) by A) Site and B) Histopathology, CBTRUS Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics – NPCR and SEER, 2015-2019

Fig. 20

Distribution^a in Children (Ages 0-14 Years) of All Primary Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors (Five-Year Total=17,561; Annual Average Cases=3,512) by A) Site and B) Histopathology, CBTRUS Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics – NPCR and SEER, 2015-2019

Fig. 21

Average Annual Age-Adjusted Incidence Rates^a of All Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors by Age Group at Diagnosis and Behavior, CBTRUS Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics – NPCR and SEER, 2015-2019

Fig. 22

Distribution^a in Adolescents (Ages 15-19 Years) of All Primary Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors (Five-Year Total=7,779; Annual Average Cases=1,556) by A) Site and B) Histopathology, CBTRUS Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics – NPCR and SEER, 2015-2019

Fig. 23

Distribution^a in Adolescents and Young Adults (Ages 15-39 Years) of All Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors (Five-Year Total=63,812; Annual Average Cases=12,762) by A) Site and B) Histopathology, CBTRUS Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics - NPCR and SEER, 2015-2019

Fig. 24

Average Annual Age-Adjusted Incidence Rates^a of Malignant and Non-Malignant Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors by Central Cancer Registry, CBTRUS Statistical Report: US Cancer Statistics – NPCR and SEER, 2015-2019

Fig. 25

Average Annual Age-Adjusted Mortality Rates^a for Malignant Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors by Central Cancer Registry, CBTRUS Statistical Report: NVSS, 2015-2019

Fig. 26

A) Kaplan-Meier Survival Curves for the Five Most Common Histopathologies within Age Group at Diagnosis (Ages 0-14, 15-39, and 40+ Years) and B) Hazard Ratios And 95% Confidence Intervals for Sex, Age at Diagnosis, Race, and Ethnicity for the Five Most Common Histopathologies Overall, CBTRUS Statistical Report: NPCR 2001-2018