The influence of somatic maturity on the relationship between the triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein ratio and vascular health in children and adolescents with dyslipidemia

Abstract

Introduction: Both the triglyceride to HDL cholesterol (TG/HDL) ratio and timing of pubertal maturation have been identified as independent contributors to the development of atherosclerosis.

Objective: The purpose of our study was to determine the relationship between the TG/HDL ratio and measures of vascular health in children and adolescents with dyslipidemia stratified by somatic maturity. We hypothesized that somatic maturity would have a significant interaction with TG/HDL ratio and vascular health.

Methods: This was a longitudinal analysis of 120 children and adolescents (age 8-14 years) with dyslipidemia recruited from a pediatric preventive cardiology clinic. At baseline and each follow-up visit, a non-fasting serum lipid panel was collected and vascular health (carotid artery intima--media thickness, pulse wave velocity, augmentation index) was assessed. Peak height velocity (PHV) was calculated at each visit, and participants were stratified into groups by maturity offset (pre-PHV, mid-PHV, post-PHV). A mixed model design permitted baseline and follow-up visits to be classified as discrete data points.

Results: Of the n = 235 data points (pre-PHV = 23%, mid-PHV = 19%, and post-PHV = 58%), we identified no significant interaction between TG/HDL ratio, maturity offset, and measures of vascular structure or function. There was also no significant relationship found between TG/HDL and maturity group. Within the mid-pubertal group, there was weak relationship found between TG/HDL and augmentation index.

Conclusion: Despite the well-described relationship between early pubertal maturation and development of cardiovascular risk factors in adulthood, we found that vascular damage resulting from an elevated TG/HDL ratio is not independently associated with somatic maturity.