The effects of heat-labile Bordetella avium toxin on turkey poults

Abstract

Intraperitoneal exposure of turkey poults to various concentrations of Bordetella avium sonicate containing heat-labile toxin indicated a high degree of toxicity: poults died after exposure to sonicate containing as little as 6.32 micrograms of protein. The toxic effects were dose-related: poults that received sonicate containing 158 micrograms of protein died in 4 to 6 1/2 hours, those that received 31.6 and 6.32 micrograms of protein died in 25 to 30 hours, and those that received 1.2 micrograms survived the 6-day course of the study and were apparently unaffected. Histologic examination of poults that received lethal doses of the toxin revealed degeneration and necrosis of parenchymal cells of the liver and pancreas as well as hyperemia, hemorrhage, and necrosis of the mucosa of the small intestine. No lesions were observed in poults that received the sublethal dose of toxin or in unexposed poults. Repeated intranasal exposure of poults to the sonicate did not produce clinical signs of disease or gross lesions.