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. 2022 Oct 5;12(1):16586.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-21047-0.

Influence of Ru on structure and corrosion behavior of passive film on Ti-6Al-4V alloy in oil and gas exploration conditions

Qiang Liu  1 , Hongtao Liu  2 , Junfeng Xie  2 , Wei-Fu Zhang  1 , Yi-Ming Zhang  1   3 , Chun Feng  1 , Guang-Shan Li  1 , Yang Yu  4 , Sheng-Yin Song  1 , Cheng-Xian Yin  1
Affiliations

Influence of Ru on structure and corrosion behavior of passive film on Ti-6Al-4V alloy in oil and gas exploration conditions

Qiang Liu et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

In order to investigate the influence of minor Ru on the electrochemical behaviour and structural characteristics of passive films on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V alloys under various oil and gas exploration conditions, electrochemical techniques, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and corrosion simulation tests were carried out. The results revealed that the oil and gas exploration conditions had a serious impact on the electrochemical behaviour and corrosion resistance of the tested alloys. The passivation film resistance and corrosion potential of the tested titanium alloys were significantly reduced with increasing acidity and temperature. With the addition of minor ruthenium, the potential of the passive film on the Ti-6Al-4V-0.11Ru alloy surface increased because of the high surface potential of the ruthenium element. The contents of metallic ruthenium and tetravalent titanium oxide TiO2 in the surface film of the Ti-6Al-4V-0.11Ru alloy both increased with increasing temperature, which led to increase the thickness, stability, corrosion resistance and repairability of the passive film on the surface of the Ti-6Al-4V-0.11Ru alloy being better than those qualities of Ti-6Al-4V. These results were also confirmed by corrosion simulation tests.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
OCP evolution with immersion time for different titanium alloy samples under test conditions: (a) Ti-6Al-4V and (b) Ti-6Al-4V-0.11Ru.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Potentiodynamic polarization curves for the tested titanium alloy samples under various test conditions: (a) Ti-6Al-4V and (b) Ti-6Al-4V-0.11Ru.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Cyclic polarization curves of different titanium alloys under test Condition C.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Bode diagrams for tested titanium alloy samples under various test conditions: (a) Ti-6Al-4V and (b) Ti-6Al-4V-0.11Ru.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Nyquist diagrams for tested titanium alloy samples under various test conditions: (a) Ti-6Al-4V and (b) Ti-6Al-4V-0.11Ru.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Nyquist diagrams for tested titanium alloy samples under Condition D.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Equivalent electrical circuit model used for impedance spectra analysis of titanium alloys.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Thickness of the passive films for two alloys under different conditions.
Figure 9
Figure 9
SEM images of surface morphology of the Ti–6Al–4V alloy (a) before the test and (c) after the test, and the surface morphology of the Ti–6Al–4V-0.11Ru alloy (b) before the test and (d) after the test.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Surface morphologies of different titanium alloys after the crevice corrosion test: (a) Ti-6Al-4V, (b) Ti-6Al-4V-0.11Ru.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Deconvoluted Ti2p XPS spectra for (a) Ti-6Al-4V and (b) Ti-6Al-4V-0.11Ru under different conditions.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Deconvoluted O1s XPS spectra for (a) Ti-6Al-4V and (b) Ti-6Al-4V-0.11Ru under different conditions.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Deconvoluted Ru3d2/5 XPS spectra for Ti-6Al-4V-0.11Ru alloys under different test conditions.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Pourbaix E–pH diagram for titanium in water: (a) 23 °Cand (b) 250 °C.
Figure 15
Figure 15
Schematic diagram of the influence model of Ru on the passive film thickness and structure of Ti-6Al-4V alloy (a) without Ru and (b) Ru-containing (Note: the locations of O, Ru and H2O are arbitrary).
Figure 16
Figure 16
The Arrhenius plots of Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-4V-0.11Ru alloys with different temperatures.
Figure 17
Figure 17
Microstructures of titanium alloy samples: (a) Ti-6Al-4V-0.11Ru and (b) Ti-6Al-4V.
Figure 18
Figure 18
Crevice corrosion specimens of titanium alloys used in tests.
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