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Review
. 2022 Oct 3;27(6):359-371.
doi: 10.1093/pch/pxac058. eCollection 2022 Oct.

Follow-up care of the extremely preterm infant after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit

[Article in English, English]
Leonora Hendson  1 , Paige T Church  1 , Rudaina Banihani  1
Affiliations
Review

Follow-up care of the extremely preterm infant after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit

[Article in English, English]
Leonora Hendson et al. Paediatr Child Health. .

Abstract

The survival of babies born extremely preterm (EP, <28 weeks gestation) has improved over time, and many have good outcomes and quality of life. They remain at risk for health issues, including neurosensory and neurodevelopmental difficulties requiring monitoring by primary physicians, paediatricians, and specialty clinics. This statement reviews potential medical and neurodevelopmental consequences for EP infants in the first 2 years after discharge and provides strategies for counselling, early detection, and intervention. EP-related conditions to assess for early include bronchopulmonary dysplasia or respiratory morbidity, feeding and growth concerns, neurosensory development (vision and hearing), cerebral palsy, and autism spectrum disorder. Correction for gestational age should be used for growth and development until 36 months of age. Integral to quality care of the child born EP is attention to the emotional well-being of parents and caregivers.

Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder; Cerebral palsy; Extremely preterm; Neurodevelopmental outcomes; Neurosensory development.

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