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. 2022 Dec;27(4):300-307.
doi: 10.6065/apem.2244022.011. Epub 2022 Oct 6.

Is there a characteristic pattern of ambulatory blood pressure profile in type 1 diabetic children and adolescents?

Bernardica Valent Morić  1 , Ivan Šamija  2 , Lavinia La Grasta Sabolić  1 , Gordana Stipančić  1
Affiliations

Is there a characteristic pattern of ambulatory blood pressure profile in type 1 diabetic children and adolescents?

Bernardica Valent Morić et al. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2022 Dec.

Abstract

Purpose: To examine the characteristics of ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) including blood pressure variability (BPV) and its association with albuminuria in type 1 diabetic (T1D) children and to identify potential predictors of high-normal albuminuria and microalbuminuria.

Methods: ABP monitoring was performed in 201 T1D children and adolescents (mean age, 14.7±3.8 years) with T1D duration over 1 year. The level of albuminuria was assessed as the albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) and patients were further classified as low-normal, high-normal or microalbuminuria.

Results: Fifteen T1D children (7.5%) were hypertensive using office blood pressure (BP) and 10 (5%) according to ABP. T1D subjects had elevated 24-hour systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) (+0.2 and + 0.3 standard deviation score [SDS]) and nighttime SBP and DBP (+0.6 and +0.8 SDS) compared to reference values. Patients with microalbuminuria had significantly higher 24-hour, daytime and nighttime DBP compared to normoalbuminuric subjects. There was a high percentage of nondippers (74.1%). Nighttime diastolic BPV was significantly higher in subjects with high-normal compared to low-normal albuminuria (p=0.01). A weak correlation was found between ACR and daytime DBP SDS (r=0.29, p<0.001 and nighttime DBP SDS (r=0.21, p=0.003). Age and nighttime diastolic BPV were predictors of high-normal albuminuria while nighttime DBP was a strong predictor for microalbuminuria.

Conclusion: T1D children have impaired BP regulation although most of them do not fulfill the criteria for sustained hypertension. There is an association between diastolic ABP and diastolic BPV with rising levels of albuminuria pointing to a clear connection between BP and incipient diabetic nephropathy.

Keywords: Albuminuria; Ambulatory blood pressure; Child; Type 1 diabetes mellitus.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of interest

No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Ambulatory blood pressure (BP) of diabetic children and adolescents expressed as the standard deviation score (SDS). Zero SDS value represents the reference SDS value of the general pediatric population. SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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