Cardiorespiratory consequences of unfused idiopathic scoliosis

Abstract

A retrospective survey was carried out on approximately 800 scoliotic subjects attending a chest clinic over 25 years. One hundred thirty-one patients with unfused idiopathic scoliosis were identified and further consideration was restricted to 54 who were assessed at 30 years of age or older. Sex, age of onset of curvature, severity at the time of presentation, degree of dyspnoea, presence of independent cardiac or pulmonary disease and smoking habit were recorded. Measurements of lung function were compared with predicted figures calculated according to span, age and sex. Disabling dyspnoea or cardiorespiratory failure were associated with either scoliosis of early onset (curve first noticed before 5 years) or with independent cardiac or pulmonary disease. Only one of 28 patients with unfused idiopathic scoliosis of adolescent onset developed disabling dyspnoea in later life attributable solely to spinal deformity. A similar conclusion was drawn from a separate survey of mortality in 86 patients, 19 of whom suffered from idiopathic scoliosis. Cardiorespiratory failure attributable to the scoliosis was the cause of death of 11 patients, in 10 of whom the curve had first been noticed at less than 5 years of age whereas the onset was during early adolescence (11 years) in only one.