The association between unmet need for contraception and unintended pregnancy among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia

Abstract

Objectives: An unintended pregnancy and unmet need for contraception remains a serious public health issues both in developed and developing countries. This study aimed to investigate the relation between unmet needs for contraception and unintended pregnancy, and identify other factors contributing for unintended pregnancy in Ethiopia.

Methods: Data were obtained from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. A total of 7590 mothers were included. The planning status of the last pregnancy was the main outcome variable, and the unmet need for contraception was the primary explanatory variable. Bivariate and multiple logistic regressions were carried out. SPSS version 20.0 was used for data analysis. Statistical significance was declared at p < 0.05.

Results: More than one-fourth of mothers (26.6%) gave either mistimed or unwanted birth. The rate of unmet need for contraception was 26.5%. Women with unmet need for contraception had (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 10.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 8.70-12.10) higher odds of experiencing unintended pregnancy than those who met their contraception need. Age, history of pregnancy termination, parity, women's autonomy, and fertility preference were factors associated with unintended pregnancy.

Conclusion: An unintended pregnancy and the unmet need for contraception remain a major public health issue in Ethiopia. A strong positive association between the unmet need for contraception and unintended pregnancy suggests that interventions targeting the unmet need for contraception could reduce unintended pregnancy. Furthermore, empowering women, promoting a clear fertility goal, and improving men's involvement would reduce unintended pregnancy.

Keywords: Ethiopia; Unintended pregnancy; unmet need for contraception.