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Comment
. 2023 Oct;72(10):1996-1999.
doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327561. Epub 2022 Oct 7.

Dynamic changes in host immune system and gut microbiota are associated with the production of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies

Maozhen Han #  1 , Yixuan Huang #  2 , Hongya Gui #  3 , Yixuan Xiao #  3 , Maozhang He  3 , Jiling Liu  3 , Xiujing Cao  4 , Meijuan Zheng  5 , Min Lu  5 , Weihua Jia  1 , Hui Li  6 , Xiaoyan Wang  7 , Na Zhang  1 , Shu-An Kong  2 , Xiaohui Liu  8 , Yonggui Wu  9 , Fengchang Wu  10 , Shenghai Huang  11   3
Affiliations
Comment

Dynamic changes in host immune system and gut microbiota are associated with the production of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies

Maozhen Han et al. Gut. 2023 Oct.
No abstract available

Keywords: COVID-19; CYTOKINES; INTESTINAL MICROBIOLOGY; INTESTINAL TRACT.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The response of healthy individuals during the vaccination of two dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and the interplay between host immune systems and gut microbiota that contributes to the production of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. (A) Study design for collecting the faecal and blood samples from 30 healthy individuals to explore the dynamics changes of host immune systems, gut microbiota and the production of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Dynamic changes in SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, cytokines, lymphocytes and indicators obtained from routine blood tests. (B) Concentrations of IgA, IgG and IgM detected at different time points during the vaccination process. The differences between different time-points were assessed by two-way ANOVA, and two-sided exact p values are reported. (C) Concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-4 measured at different time points during the vaccination process. (D) The levels of NK cells, B cells and CD4+T cells and the CD4+/CD8+ratio are illustrated in chronological order. (E) Dynamic changes in the counts of white cell count, neutrophils (Neu), lymphocyte (Lym), monocytes (Mon) and eosinophils (EOSs) during the vaccination process. (F) The alpha diversities, including the Shannon and Simpson indices, of the human gut microbial communities did not significantly differ among different time points during the vaccination process. (G) A significant difference in the human gut microbial compositions was found among different time points during the vaccination process according to their Bray-Curtis dissimilarity at the species level. (H) Based on the taxonomic compositions of all 143 samples at the species level, LDA can successfully separate the human gut microbial communities at different time points during the vaccination process. The density curves in the bottom and right panels show the distribution of the human gut microbial communities along the LD1 and LD2 axes, respectively. (I) Compositional differences in the gut microbiota among different time points during the vaccination process visualised with the average relative abundances at the phylum level. (J) Comparison of the taxonomic structure of the human gut microbiota among unvaccinated healthy individuals, healthy individuals at different time points during the vaccination process, and COVID-19 patients with different clinical diagnoses. (K) Correlations between the production of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and gut microbiota.*, p<0.05; **, p<0.01; ***, p<0.001; ANOVA, analysis of variance; LDA, linear discriminant analysis.
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References

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