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. 2022 Dec;77(6):1598-1606.
doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.08.021. Epub 2022 Oct 5.

Global burden of primary liver cancer in 2020 and predictions to 2040

Harriet Rumgay  1 , Melina Arnold  2 , Jacques Ferlay  2 , Olufunmilayo Lesi  3 , Citadel J Cabasag  2 , Jérôme Vignat  2 , Mathieu Laversanne  2 , Katherine A McGlynn  4 , Isabelle Soerjomataram  2
Affiliations

Global burden of primary liver cancer in 2020 and predictions to 2040

Harriet Rumgay et al. J Hepatol. 2022 Dec.

Abstract

Background & aims: The burden of liver cancer varies across the world. Herein, we present updated estimates of the current global burden of liver cancer (incidence and mortality) and provide predictions of the number of cases/deaths to 2040.

Methods: We extracted data on primary liver cancer cases and deaths from the GLOBOCAN 2020 database, which includes 185 countries. Age-standardised incidence and mortality rates (ASRs) per 100,000 person-years were calculated. Cases and deaths up to the year 2040 were predicted based on incidence and mortality rates for 2020 and global demographic projections to 2040.

Results: In 2020, an estimated 905,700 people were diagnosed with, and 830,200 people died from, liver cancer globally. Global ASRs for liver cancer were 9.5 and 8.7 for new cases and deaths, respectively, per 100,000 people and were highest in Eastern Asia (17.8 new cases, 16.1 deaths), Northern Africa (15.2 new cases, 14.5 deaths), and South-Eastern Asia (13.7 new cases, 13.2 deaths). Liver cancer was among the top three causes of cancer death in 46 countries and was among the top five causes of cancer death in 90 countries. ASRs of both incidence and mortality were higher among males than females in all world regions (male:female ASR ratio ranged between 1.2-3.6). The number of new cases of liver cancer per year is predicted to increase by 55.0% between 2020 and 2040, with a possible 1.4 million people diagnosed in 2040. A predicted 1.3 million people could die from liver cancer in 2040 (56.4% more than in 2020).

Conclusions: Liver cancer is a major cause of death in many countries, and the number of people diagnosed with liver cancer is predicted to rise. Efforts to reduce the incidence of preventable liver cancer should be prioritised.

Lay summary: The burden of liver cancer varies across the world. Liver cancer was among the top three causes of cancer death in 46 countries and was among the top five causes of cancer death in 90 countries worldwide. We predict the number of cases and deaths will rise over the next 20 years as the world population grows. Primary liver cancer due to some causes is preventable if control efforts are prioritised and the predicted rise in cases may increase the need for resources to manage care of patients with liver cancer.

Keywords: Hepatocellular carcinoma; cancer registries; epidemiology; intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Please refer to the accompanying ICMJE disclosure forms for further details.

Figures

None
Graphical abstract
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
ASRs for primary liver cancer per 100,000 people in 2020, by country. (A) Age-standardised incidence rate. (B) Age-standardised mortality rate. ASR(W), age-standardised rate. (This figure appears in color on the web.)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Ranking of primary liver cancer among other cancer types based on number of cases or deaths in 2020, by country. (A) Number of cases. (B) Number of deaths. (This figure appears in color on the web.)
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Predicted percentage change (absolute numbers are shown above bars) of new cases and deaths from primary liver cancer between 2020 and 2040, by HDI. HDI, Human Development Index. (This figure appears in color on the web.)
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Predicted number of new cases and deaths from primary liver cancer assuming seven scenarios of annual change in global rates between 2020 and 2040. (This figure appears in color on the web.)
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References

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