Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Sep 21;7(39):34951-34965.
doi: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03553. eCollection 2022 Oct 4.

Diesel-Biodiesel-Water Fuel Nanoemulsions for Direct Injection and Indirect Injection Diesel Engines: Performance and Emission Characteristics

Ye Min Oo  1 , Jarernporn Thawornprasert  1 , Narong Intaprom  1 , Kammarat Rodniem  1 , Krit Somnuk  2
Affiliations

Diesel-Biodiesel-Water Fuel Nanoemulsions for Direct Injection and Indirect Injection Diesel Engines: Performance and Emission Characteristics

Ye Min Oo et al. ACS Omega. .

Abstract

An experimental research is assessed to examine the engine performance and exhaust emissions of direct injection (DI) and indirect injection diesel (IDI) engines fueled with petroleum diesel, biodiesel, and nanoemulsion fuel. The nanoemulsion fuel was produced using a hydrodynamic cavitation reactor. These three fuels were used to study the exhaust emissions, brake power, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and exhaust gas temperature at engine speeds ranging from 1100, 1400, 1700, 2000, and 2300 rpm with engine loads of 25, 50, and 75%. Furthermore, three fuels were burned in two types of combustion engines such as DI and IDI diesel engines under identical conditions. The finding showed that using DI and IDI engines influenced the magnitude of emissions as well as the performance with different speeds and loads. By comparing the performance of DI and IDI engines at a maximum engine load of 75%, the most concerning parameter among the efficiency of an engine of BTE of diesel, biodiesel, and nanoemulsion fuel from the DI engine was higher at 24.19, 24.83, and 20.76%, respectively, than that of the IDI engine at 2300 rpm engine speed. At the maximum load and speed of engines, the BSFC of diesel, biodiesel, and nanoemulsion fuel in the DI engine were 4.44, 23.73, and 20% lower than in the IDI engine, respectively. Emission results of the DI and IDI engines were analyzed at 75% load and 2300 rpm speed. The results demonstrated that emissions of NO x from nanoemulsion fuel from the IDI engine was significantly reduced by 82.46% when the values were compared to the DI engine. In terms of CO emissions, the IDI engine emits significantly less than the DI diesel engine. The CO emissions of diesel, biodiesel, and nanoemulsion fuel in the IDI engine were 69.02, 28.95, and 48.75% lower than those in the DI engine, respectively. The studies conclude that the emissions from IDI engines clearly show that pollution from exhaust emissions can be reduced to a low level compared to the DI engine. However, when high-performance engines are considered, the DI engine is recommended rather than the IDI engine.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Diesel engine test rig and dynamometer: (1) exhaust gas valve, (2) emission gas analyzer, (3) fresh air temperature sensor, (4) diesel engine, (5) strain gauge load cell, (6) eddy current brake dynamometer, (7) computer display, (8) digital balancing scale, (9) fuel temperature sensor, (10) engine load controller, and (11) data logger.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effect of brake power on different engine speeds between DI and IDI engines with diesel, biodiesel, and emulsion fuel.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effect of brake specific fuel consumption on different engine speeds and loads between DI and IDI engines with diesel, biodiesel, and emulsion fuel.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effect of brake thermal efficiency on different engine speeds and loads between DI and IDI engines with diesel, biodiesel, and emulsion fuel.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Effect of exhaust gas temperature on various speeds and loads of engines between DI and IDI engines with diesel, biodiesel, and emulsion fuel.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Effect of NOx emission on various speeds and loads of engines between DI and IDI engines with diesel, biodiesel, and emulsion fuel.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Effect of CO emission on different engine speeds and loads between DI and IDI engines with diesel, biodiesel, and emulsion fuel.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Effect of CO2 emission on different engine speeds and loads between DI and IDI engines with diesel, biodiesel, and emulsion fuel.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Effect of HC emission on different engine speeds and loads between DI and IDI engines with diesel, biodiesel, and emulsion fuel.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Effect of O2 emission on different engine speeds and loads between DI and IDI engines with diesel, biodiesel, and emulsion fuel.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Zhen X.; Wang Y.; Liu D. Bio–butanol as a new generation of clean alternative fuel for SI (spark ignition) and CI (compression ignition) engines. Renewable Energy 2020, 147, 2494–2521. 10.1016/j.renene.2019.10.119. - DOI
    1. Landi G.; Di Sarli V.; Lisi L. A numerical investigation of the combined effects of initial temperature and catalyst activity on the dynamics of soot combustion in a catalytic diesel particulate filter. Top. Catal. 2021, 64, 270–287. 10.1007/s11244-020-01386-w. - DOI
    1. Di Sarli V.; Landi G.; Di Benedetto A.; Lisi L. Synergy between ceria and metals (Ag or Cu) in catalytic diesel particulate filters: Effect of the metal content and of the preparation method on the regeneration performance. Top. Catal. 2021, 64, 256–269. 10.1007/s11244-020-01384-y. - DOI
    1. Ghaffarpasand O.; Beddows D. C. S.; Ropkins K.; Pope F. D. Real–world assessment of vehicle air pollutant emissions subset by vehicle type, fuel and EURO class: New findings from the recent UK EDAR field campaigns, and implications for emissions restricted zones. Sci. Total Environ. 2020, 734, 13941610.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139416. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Duarte Souza Alvarenga Santos N.; Rückert Roso V.; Teixeira Malaquias A. C.; Coelho Baêta J. G. Internal combustion engines and biofuels: Examining why this robust combination should not be ignored for future sustainable transportation. Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev. 2021, 148, 11129210.1016/j.rser.2021.111292. - DOI

LinkOut - more resources