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. 2022 Sep 23:12:955358.
doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.955358. eCollection 2022.

Burden of thyroid cancer in North Africa and Middle East 1990-2019

Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi  1 , Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam  1 , Sina Azadnajafabad  1 , Negar Rezaei  1   2 , Nazila Rezaei  1 , Seyed Mohammad Tavangar  3 , Hamidreza Jamshidi  4 , Ali H Mokdad  5   6 , Mohsen Naghavi  5   6 , Farshad Farzadfar  1   2 , Bagher Larijani  2 ; GBD 2019 NAME Thyroid Cancer Collaborators
Collaborators, Affiliations

Burden of thyroid cancer in North Africa and Middle East 1990-2019

Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi et al. Front Oncol. .

Erratum in

Abstract

Background: Thyroid cancer is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity among cancers of the endocrine system. We aimed to describe the trends of thyroid cancer burden in North Africa and Middle East for 1990-2019.

Methods: Data on burden of thyroid cancer in North Africa and Middle East from 1990 to 2019 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. Decomposition analysis was used to estimate the effects of population growth, aging, and change in incident numbers on overall change of thyroid cancer incidence. Also, we used the comparative risk assessment framework of GBD to determine the burden of thyroid cancer attributable to a high body mass index (BMI).

Results: In 2019, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of thyroid cancer were 3.5 (2.9-4) and 0.5 (0.5-0.7) per 100,000, respectively. The highest age-standardized incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rate were in Lebanon, Afghanistan, and United Arab Emirates, respectively. The ASIR of thyroid cancer in region was about 2.5 times higher among women, which had a positive association with increasing age. In 2019, the age-standardized deaths attributable to a high BMI was 16.7% of all deaths due to thyroid cancer. In 1990-2019, the overall change in thyroid cancer incident cases was a 396% increase which was mostly driven by the increase in disease-specific incidence rate (256.8%).

Conclusions: Women, the elderly above about 60 years old, and countries with a higher sociodemographic index showed higher incidence rates of thyroid cancer. Regarding our findings, it is recommended to establish preventive plans by modification in life style like weight reduction programs.

Keywords: body mass index; disability-adjusted life years; incidence; mortality; north africa and middle east; risk factor; thyroid cancer.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Trend of incidence, prevalence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of thyroid cancer in North Africa and Middle East regions over 1990–2019, age-standardized and for all ages.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Comparison of the age-standardized rate of incidence and deaths of thyroid cancer in North Africa and Middle East regions for both sexes between 1990 and 2019, by country.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Incidence, prevalence, death, and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rate of thyroid cancer in North Africa and Middle East regions in 1990 and 2019, by sex and age.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Age-standardized rate of death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of thyroid cancer attributable to high body mass index (BMI) in North Africa and Middle East region in 2019, by sex and country. AFG, Afghanistan; DZA, Algeria; BHR, Bahrain; EGY, Egypt; IRN: Iran (Islamic Republic of); IRQ, Iraq; JOR, Jordan; KWT, Kuwait; LBN, Lebanon; LBY, Libya; MAR, Morocco; OMN, Oman; PSE, Palestine; QAT, Qatar; SAU, Saudi Arabia; SDN, Sudan; SYR, Syrian Arab Republic; TUN, Tunisia; TUR, Turkey; ARE, United Arab Emirates; YEM, Yemen.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Trends of the rate of incidence, prevalence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of thyroid cancer in North Africa and Middle East regions among both sexes over 1990–2019, by sociodemographic index (SDI).
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