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Review
. 2022 Nov;24(11):709-721.
doi: 10.1007/s11920-022-01378-5. Epub 2022 Oct 10.

Expectations for Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Psychiatry

Scott Monteith  1 , Tasha Glenn  2 , John Geddes  3 , Peter C Whybrow  4 , Eric Achtyes  5   6 , Michael Bauer  7
Affiliations
Review

Expectations for Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Psychiatry

Scott Monteith et al. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2022 Nov.

Abstract

Purpose of review: Artificial intelligence (AI) is often presented as a transformative technology for clinical medicine even though the current technology maturity of AI is low. The purpose of this narrative review is to describe the complex reasons for the low technology maturity and set realistic expectations for the safe, routine use of AI in clinical medicine.

Recent findings: For AI to be productive in clinical medicine, many diverse factors that contribute to the low maturity level need to be addressed. These include technical problems such as data quality, dataset shift, black-box opacity, validation and regulatory challenges, and human factors such as a lack of education in AI, workflow changes, automation bias, and deskilling. There will also be new and unanticipated safety risks with the introduction of AI. The solutions to these issues are complex and will take time to discover, develop, validate, and implement. However, addressing the many problems in a methodical manner will expedite the safe and beneficial use of AI to augment medical decision making in psychiatry.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Psychiatry; Technology maturity.

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Conflict of interest statement

EA has served on advisory boards or consulted for Alkermes, Atheneum, Janssen, Karuna, Lundbeck/Otsuka, Roche, Sunovion, and Teva and reports previous stock holdings in AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson, Moderna, and Pfizer. EA has received research support from Alkermes, Astellas, Biogen, Boehringer-Ingelheim, InnateVR, Janssen, National Network of Depression Centers, Neurocrine Biosciences, Novartis, Otsuka, Pear Therapeutics, and Takeda. EA serves as an advisor to CAPNOS Zero, the World Psychiatric Association and Clubhouse International, and the SMI Adviser LAI Center of Excellence (all unpaid). The other authors declare no competing interests.

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