Time from Admission to Right Heart Catheterization in Cardiogenic Shock Patients

Abstract

Cardiogenic shock (CS) presents with a complex spectrum of low output states, which can be provoked by Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) or Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF). Its management includes hemodynamic assessment via right heart catheterization (RHC). Herein, we describe the timing of RHC based on the etiology and severity of CS as defined by the Society of Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions (SCAI) Shock Classification. We performed a single-center retrospective analysis of patients admitted with CS secondary to ACS or ADHF from January 7, 2018 to June 30, 2020 at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics. Among the 647 patients admitted, 249 patients had RHC during their admission. Of those, 51 had underlying ACS and 198 had ADHF. The overall time from admission to invasive hemodynamic assessment was 2.73 days. The mean time for SCAI-A was 3.6 ± 2.8 days, SCAI-B 3.7 ± 3.7 days, SCAI-C 2.6 ± 3.0 days, SCAI-D 2.5 ± 4.1 days, and SCAI-E 1.3 ± 2.1 days. The linear regression model showed that RHC was performed earlier in patients with worse hemodynamics evaluated by Cardiac Power Output (CPO) (Coefficient 0.14, R- squared 0.01, P = 0.03). Hemodynamic parameters showed that high PAPi, RVSWi, and Cardiac Power Output during admission predicted low in-hospital mortality (P < 0.01). RHC was performed earlier in more critically ill patients. Patients with CS in the setting of ACS underwent RHC significantly earlier than those with ADHF.