Resin-Based Composites for Direct and Indirect Restorations: Clinical Applications, Recent Advances, and Future Trends

Abstract

Continuous advancements in resin-based composites can make selection of the appropriate system a daunting task for the clinician. This review aims to simplify this process and clarify some new or controversial topics. Various types of composites for direct and indirect applications are discussed, including microfilled and microhybrid composites, nanocomposites, single shade, bulk fill, fiber-reinforced, high temperature/high pressure processed, CAD/CAM, and three-dimensional printable composites. Recent material advancements that lead to improved seal and toughness, degradation resistance, antimicrobial and self-healing capabilities are presented. Future directions are highlighted, such as the development of "smart" materials that are able to interact with the host environment.

Keywords: Antibacterial; CAD/CAM composites; Composite resin; Degradation; Indirect composites; Microhybrid composites; Nanocomposites; Self-healing.