Pediatric Takotsubo cardiomyopathy resulting from clonidine overdose

Abstract

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a syndrome characterized by localized apical dysfunction of the left ventricle. It is rarely seen in pediatric patients, but can carry significant morbidity and mortality. While most commonly associated with psychosocial stressors or physical exertion, a growing number of cases are being attributed to medications. We describe a case of a six-month-old male diagnosed with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in the setting of an accidental clonidine overdose. The patient presented with altered mental status and hypertension. In the course of his broad workup, cardiac dysfunction was indicated by bedside ultrasound in the Emergency Department. The classic apical dyskinesis was seen on a follow-up, cardiology-based echocardiogram. The patient responded to high-dose naloxone and only briefly required an epinephrine infusion. His symptoms resolved in a few days and serial echocardiograms showed a return to normal LV function. Rates of pediatric clonidine overdoses are increasing in the setting of changing prescribing practices. Our case illustrates some key features of the clinical presentation, as well as demonstrates a rare sequelae to this common toxic exposure. To our knowledge, this is the first reported pediatric case of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy secondary to a clonidine overdose.

Keywords: Clonidine toxicity; Pediatrics; Takotsubo cardiomyopathy.