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. 2022 Oct 11;22(1):791.
doi: 10.1186/s12877-022-03476-8.

Influencing factors on instrumental activities of daily living functioning in people with mild cognitive disorder - a secondary investigation of cross-sectional data

Marina Bruderer-Hofstetter  1 , Ellen Gorus  2   3 , Elise Cornelis  4 , André Meichtry  5 , Patricia De Vriendt  6   7   8
Affiliations

Influencing factors on instrumental activities of daily living functioning in people with mild cognitive disorder - a secondary investigation of cross-sectional data

Marina Bruderer-Hofstetter et al. BMC Geriatr. .

Abstract

Background: Finding a strategy to reduce the impact of cognitive decline on everyday functioning in persons suffering from cognitive impairment is a public health priority. Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) are key to everyday functioning. Hence, it is essential to understand the influencing factors on IADL to develop specific interventions to improve everyday functioning in persons with mild cognitive disorder. Therefore, this study aimed to 1) explore different influencing factors on IADL functioning considering all domains of the International Classification of Functioning, disability, and health and 2) rank these factors.

Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of a cohort including participants with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (a-MCI) or mild Alzheimer's Dementia (mild AD). The IADL functioning model was used as a starting point to estimate the effects of cognitive and physical function factors and personal and environmental factors on IADL functioning using multiple linear regression analysis, including subgroup analysis in persons with a-MCI. We used standardized coefficient estimates to relate the size of the predictor effects in the final model.

Results: We included 105 participants (64 a-MCI, 41 mild AD); the mean age was 81.9 years (SD 4.9), with 70% females. Based on a multi-step approach and model fit, the final model included IADL functioning as the response variable and memory, attention, executive function, vision and hearing, mobility, balance, education, and social support as predictors. The final model explained 75% of the variability. The significant predictors in the model were mobility, balance, attention, and education, and were the predictors with the most considerable effects based on standardized coefficient estimates. The subgroup analysis, including only a-MCI participants, revealed a similar pattern.

Conclusion: Our results confirm that IADL functioning in people with mild cognitive disorder is influenced by cognitive and physical function and personal factors. The study provides further insight into understanding IADL functioning impairments in persons with mild impaired cognition and may be used to develop specific non-pharmacological interventions.

Keywords: Cognitive function; Instrumental activities of daily living; Mild neurocognitive disorder; Personal and environmental factors; Physical function.

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Conflict of interest statement

All declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Missing data pattern, including all participants (n = 105). Detailed legend: Each row corresponds to a missing data pattern, 1 = observed and 0 = missing. Rows and columns are sorted in increasing amounts of missing information. The last column and row contain row and column counts, respectively. Abbreviations: memoryadas, Memory Subscale Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale; IADL, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; memoryCAM, Memory Subscale Cambridge Cognitive Test-Revised; attentionCAM, attention subscale Cambridge Cognitive Test-Revised; FAB, Frontal Assessment Battery; TMTA, Trail Making Test part A; TMTB, Trail Making Test part B
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Standardized coefficient estimates of the linear regression model including participants with a-MCI and mild AD. Detailed legend: Dark grey bars show the standardized coefficient estimates of the predictor variables from the linear regression model, the black lines the corresponding standard error
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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