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Review
. 2022 Oct;33(4):483-489.
doi: 10.1016/j.nec.2022.05.008. Epub 2022 Sep 11.

Exoscopic Cerebrovascular Neurosurgery

Omer Doron  1 , David J Langer  1 , Jason A Ellis  2
Affiliations
Review

Exoscopic Cerebrovascular Neurosurgery

Omer Doron et al. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2022 Oct.

Abstract

The exoscope is the technological successor to the operating microscope in cerebrovascular neurosurgery. It offers advantages including improved operative field magnification, resolution, lighting, ergonomics, team cohesiveness, and microsurgical training However, these advantages of using the exoscope must be weighed against the learning curve during its adoption, especially for senior microneurosurgeons. As exoscope technology is refined, seamless integration of robotics, automation, augmented reality, and hands-free real-time neuronavigation is anticipated.

Keywords: Brain surgery; Endoscope; Exoscope; Microscope; Microsurgery; Surgical education.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure The authors have nothing to disclose.